Indentation Hardness of Wood

Authors

  • J. Doyle
  • J. C. F. Walker

Keywords:

Ball, Brinell, cone, cylinder, hardness, Janka, Meyer, Monnin, wedge

Abstract

An historical background to hardness testing of wood is given, and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used are reviewed. A new method, using a wedge indenter, is suggested and a rationale presented that includes discussion of the deformation patterns beneath indenting tools.

References

L'Association Française de Normalisation. 1972. Bois-essai de dureté, "Monnin." AFNOR NF B 51-125.nAm. Soc. Testing Mater. 1981a. Standard methods of testing small clear specimens of timber. D 143-52.nAm. Soc. Testing Mater. 1981b. Standard test methods for Rockwell hardness and Rockwell superficial hardness of metallic materials. E 18-79.nDeutsche Industrie Norm. 1934. Prüfung von holz. Härtebestimmung durch Kugel Druckversuch. DIN Prüfverfahren C 3011.nDoyle, J. 1980. The hardness of wood. Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis, University of Canterbury.nJanka, G. 1906. Über Holzhärteprüfung. Zentra. Ges. Forstw.5:194-202 and 6:241-260.nJap. Stand. Inst. 1977. Method of test for hardness of wood. JIS Z 2117.nKing, E. G. 1961. Time-dependent strain behaviour of wood in tension parallel to the grain. For. Prod. J.11(3):156-165.nKumichel, W., and D. Holz. 1955. Das Höppler Konsistometer—ein Gerät zur Best, der Kegeld-ruckhärte von Hölzern. Holz Roh- Werkst.13(5):188-193.nLavers, G. M. 1972. The strength properties of timbers. Bull. For. Prod. Res. Lab. No. 50 H.M.S.O., London.nLewis, W. C. 1968. Hardness modulus as an alternative measure of hardness to the standard Janka ball for wood and wood-base materials. U.S. Forest Service Res. Note FPL-0189.nMiyajima, H. 1963. Studies on the indentation hardness of wood. Res. Bull. Coll. Exp. Forests. Hokkaido Univ.22(2):539-607.nMurase, Y., and M. Ota. 1972. On the relaxation behaviour of wood at the contact region by indenting steel ball. Mokuzai Gakkiski18(3):99-104.nNoack, D., and V. Stockmann. 1966. Härtemessungen an Holzpanplatten mit dem Höppler-Kegel. Holz. Roh- Werkst.24(10):474-480.nSawada, M., K. Tsuji, and K. Kondo. 1955. Relationship of hardness to compressive strength of wood. Report No. 1 Ringyo Shikensho Kenkyn Hokoko78:149-174.nSunley, J. G. 1965. A comparison the Janka and Monnin methods of testing the hardness of timber and wood products. J. Inst. Wood Sci.14:40-46.nTabor, D. 1951. The hardness of metals. Clarendon, Oxford.nWeatherwax, R. C., E. C. O. Erickson, and A. J. Stamm. 1948. A means of determining the hardness of woods over a broad specific gravity range. Am. Soc. Testing Mater., Bull. 153 TP 176-81.n

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Published

2007-06-27

Issue

Number 3 / July 1985

Section

Research Contributions

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