Microscopic and Histochemical Changes in Douglas-Fir Bark Accompanying Fungal Invasion
Keywords:
<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>, lignin, condensed tannin, <i>Bispora betulina</i>, decayAbstract
Douglas-fir bark in the process of biological deterioration contained two types of tissue "bleaching." Sclereid walls were "bleached" as wall lignin was removed in tissues infested with Bispora betulina, and parenchyma and sclereids were "bleached" as a result of the selective removal of condensed tannins from wall surfaces and lumina in tissues consistently infeted with an unidentified fungus resembling Isaria. Bleached tissue symptoms were not produced in bark tissues inoculated with B. Betulina or the fungus resembling Isaria, but both fungi significantly altered specific bark components.References
Barnett, H. L. 1960. Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi, 2nd ed. Burgess, Minneapolis. 225 pp.nBarron, G. L. 1968. The genera of hyphomycetes from soil. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. 364 pp.nBrauns, F. E., and D. A. Brauns. 1960. The chemistry of lignin—supplemental volume. Academic Press, New York. 804 pp.nChang, Y. 1954. Bark structure on North American conifers. (U. S. Dep. Agric. Tech. Bull. 1095). 86 pp.nDomsch, K. H., and M. E. Corden. 1970. Environmental influences on the sensitivity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici to methylisothiocyante. Phytopathology 60:1347-1350.nDungan, C. G. 1960. Wood-attacking capacities and physiology of soft-rot fungi. (U.S. For. Prod. Lab. Rep. 2173) 28 pp.nFåhraeus, G., and V. Tullander. 1956. Effect of indole-3-acetic acid on the formation of oxidases in fungi. Physiol. Plant. 9:494-501.nFujii, M., and E. R. Kurth. 1966. The chemical nature of confifer phenolic acids. Ethanolysis products from Douglas-fir. Tappi 49:92-96.nGrillos, S. J. 1956. Structure and development of the bark of Douglass-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. Ph.D. Thesis, Oregon State Univ. 67 pp.nGrillos, S. J., and F. H. Smith. 1959. The secondary phloem of Douglas-fir. For. Sci. 5:377-388.nHergert, H. L. 1960. Chemical composition of tannis and polyphenols. For. Prod. J. 11:610-617.nHeggert, H. L., and E. F. Kurth. 1952. The chemical nature of the cork from Douglas-fir bark. Tappi 35:59-66.nHolmes, G. W., and E. F. Kurth. 1961. The chemical composition of the newly formed inner bark of Douglas-fir. Tappi 44:896-898.nHubbard, J. K., and E. F. Kurth. 1949. Douglas-fir bark tannin. J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. 44:604-614.nJohansen, D. A. 1940. Plant microtechnique. McGraw-Hill, New York. 523 pp.nKiefer, H. J., and E. F. Kurth. 1953. The chemical composition of the bast fibers of Douglas-fir bark. Tappi 36:14-19.nKratzl, K. 1965. Lignin—Its biochemistry and structure. Pages 157-180 in W. A. Côté, Jr., ed. Cellular ultra structure of woody plants, Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, N.Y.nKurth, E. F., J. K. Iiubbard, and M. Gekeler. 1949. Extraction of tannin from Douglas-fir bark and concentration of the tan liquor. Reprint from Leather and Shoes, Nov. 19. n.p.nKurth, E. F., and J. E. Smith. 1954. The chemical nature of the lignin of Douglas-fir bark. Pulp Pap. Mag. Can. 1-8.nMorris, E. F. 1963. The synnematous genera of the fungi imperfecti. Western Illinois University Series in Biological Sciences, No. 3. 137 pp.nRoss, W. D. 1971. Degradation of phenolic components of Douglas-fir bark by fungi. Ph.D. Thesis, Oregon State Univ. 84 pp.nRoss, W. D., and R. L. Kraiimer. 1971. Some sources of variation in structural characteristics of Douglas-fir bark. Wood Fiber 3:35-46.nRoux, D. G., and S. R. Evelyn. 1958. Condensed tannis. 1. Study of complex-anthocyanins present in condensed tannis. Biochem. J. 69:530-538.nSrivastava, L. M. 1966. Histochemical studies on lignin. Tappi 49:173-183.n
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:
1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.
2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.
3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.