Within-Fiber Nonuniformities of Microfibril Angle
Keywords:
Wood fiber, microfibril angle, latewood, earlywood, bordered pit, crossfield, confocal microscopeAbstract
The pattern and extent of variation of microfibril angle of macerated spruce fibers were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. All measurements supported the idea that the orientation of the microfibrils is not uniform along the radial wall of earlywood fibers. Microfibrils had an approximately circular form of arrangement around the bordered pits (inside the border). Between the bordered pits, lower microfibril angles were measured than in the other parts of the fiber. This phenomenon was interpreted by assuming the existence of crossed microfibrils in these zones. Variation of microfibril angle in earlywood fibers was observed only in the vicinity of the bordered pits, not in the nonpitted zones and tangential walls. Within the latewood fibers, microfibril angle was approximately uniform, even close to the pitted areas. The average orientation of simple pits in the crossfield region was consistent with the mean microfibril angle of the fibers; however, some of the measurements showed a highly variable arrangement in the areas between the simple pits.References
Anagnost, S. E, R. E. Mark, and R.B. Hanna. 2000. Utilization of soft-rot cavity orientation for the determination of microfibril angle. Part I. Wood Fiber Sci.32(1):81-87.nAnagnost, S. E, R. E. Mark, and R.B. Hanna. 2002. Variation of microfibril angle within individual tracheids. Wood Fiber Sci.34(2):337-349.nBailey, I. W., and M. R. Vestal. 1937. The orientation of cellulose in the secondary wall of tracheary cells. Arnold Arbo18:185-195.nBatchelor W. J., A. B. Conn, and I.H. Parker. 1997. Measuring the fibril angle of fibers using confocal microscopy. Appita J.50:377-380.nBergander, A., J. Branstrom, G. Daniel, and L. Salmen. 2002. Fibril angle variability in earlywood of Norway spruce using soft rot cavities and polarization confocal microscopy. J. Wood Sci.48(4):255-263.nCave, I. D. 1969. The longitudinal Young's modulus of Pinus radiata.Wood Sci. Technol.3(1):40-48.nCockrell, R. A. 1974. A comparison of latewood pits, fibril orientation and shrinkage of normal and compression wood of Giant Sequoia. Wood Sci. Technol.8:197-206.nEl-Hosseiny, F., and D. H. Page. 1973. The measurement of fibril angle of wood fibers using polarized light. Wood Fiber5:208-214.nFengel, D. 1969. The ultrastructure of cellulose from wood, Part I: Wood as the basic material for the isolation of cellulose. Wood Sci. Technol.3:203-217.nHarada, H. 1965. Ultrastructure and organization of gymnosperm cell walls. Pages 215-233 in W. A. Côté Jr., ed Cellular ultrastructure of woody plants. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, NY.nHarrington, J. J., R. Booker, and R.J. Astley. 1998. Modelling the elastic properties of softwood. Part I: The cellwall lamellae. Holz Roh-Werkst.56:37-41.nHiller, C. H. 1964. Correlation of fibril angle with wall thickness of tracheids in summerwood of slash and loblolly pine. Tappi47(2):125-128.nJang, H. F. 1998. Measurement of fibril angle in wood fibres with polarization confocal microscopy. J. Pulp Paper Sci.24:224-230.nKhalili, S., T. Nilsson, and G. Daniel. 2001. The use of rot fungi for determining the microfibrillar orientation in the S2 layer of pine tracheids. Holz Roh-Werkst.58:439-447.nLichtenegger, H., M. Muller, R. Wimmer, and P. Fratzl. 2003. Microfibril angle inside and outside cross-fields of Norway spruce tracheids. Holzforschung 13-20.nNavi, P., and M. Sedighi-Gilani. 2004. Modelling the influences of microfibril angles and natural defects on the force-extension behavior of single wood fibers. COST Action E20 book, Wood fiber cell walls: Methods to study their formation, structure and properties.nPage, D. H. 1969. A method for determining the fibrillar angle in wood tracheids. J. Microscopy90:137-143.nPage, D. H., and El-Hosseiny, F. 1983. The mechanical properties of single wood pulp fibers. Part VI. Fibril angle and the shape of stress-strain curve. J. Pulp Paper Sci.9:99-100.nReiterer, A., H. F. Jakob, S.E. Stanzle-Tschegg, and P. Fratzl. 1998. Spiral angle of elementary cellulose fibrils in cell walls of Picea abies determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. Wood Sci. Technol.32:335-345.nSenft, J. F., and B. A. Bendtsen. 1985. Measuring microfibrillar angles using light microscopy. Wood Fiber Sci.17:564-567.nWang, H. H., J. G. Drummond, S.M. Reath, K. Hunt, and P. A. Watson. 2001. An improved fibril angle measurement method for wood fibers. Wood Sci. Technol.34:493-503.n
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:
1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.
2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.
3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
