Comparison of Copper Leaching from Alkaline Copper Quat Type-D Treated Chinese Fir and Mongolian Scots Pine after Different Posttreatments

Authors

  • Lili Yu
  • Jinzhen Cao
  • Paul Cooper
  • Zhenzhong Tang

Keywords:

Alkaline copper quat (ACQ), wood species, copper leaching, posttreatment

Abstract

Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook.) and Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linn. var. mongolica Litv.) sapwood were treated with alkaline copper quat type D (ACQ-D) solutions at two concentration levels (0.5 and 1.1%) followed by three posttreatments: oven-drying, conditioning in a humidity chamber, or exposed to boiling water. The effects of treatment on copper leaching from ACQ-D-treated wood were investigated by performing tests according to AWPA E11-06. Analysis of chemical composition and pH values were determined to evaluate the effects of wood species on copper leaching. The results showed that copper leaching from ACQ-D-treated Mongolian Scots pine without posttreatment was lower than that of treated Chinese fir. However, after posttreatment, more copper leaching was observed from ACQ-D-treated Mongolian Scots pine than Chinese fir. For example, after conditioning posttreatment, the percentage of copper leached from 1.1% ACQ-D-treated Chinese fir decreased 58.6 to 1.8%, while for Mongolian Scots pine, it decreased 49.5 to 19.4%. The difference was considered to be related to different chemical compositions and pH levels.

References

AWPA (2008) Standard method of determining the leachability of wood preservatives. E11-06. American Wood Protection Association, Birmingham, AL.nBarnes HM (1988) Treatment of lodgepole pine poles using the MSU process. Proc Amer. Wood-Preservers' Assoc. 84:201-210.nBland DE (1963) Sorption of copper by wood constituents. Nature 200:267.nCao J, Kamdem DP (2004) Microwave treatment to accelerate fixation of copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) treated wood. Holzforschung 58(5):569-571.nCao J, Yu L (2007) Copper fixation in ACQ-D treated Chinese fir at various temperature and relative humidity conditions. Int. Res. Group on Wood Protection. Doc. No. IRG/WP 30436. Stockholm, Sweden.nCooper PA (1991) Cation exchange adsorption of copper on wood. Wood Protect 1(1):9-14.nGB/T (1994a) Standard method for fibrous raw material—Determination of solvent extractives. GB/T 2677.6-94. Chinese National Standard, China Standards Press, Beijing, China.nGB/T (1994b) Standard method for fibrous raw material—Determination of acid-insoluble lignin. GB/T 2677.8-94. Chinese National Standard, China Standards Press, Beijing, China.nGB/T (1994c) Standard method for fibrous raw material—Determination of holocellulose. GB/T 2677.10-95. Chinese National Standard, China Standards Press, Beijing, China.nGB/T (2008) Standard method for raw material and pulp—Determination of acid-soluble lignin. GB/T 10337-2008. Chinese National Standard, China Standards Press, Beijing, China.nGB/T (2009) Standard method for determination of pH value of wood. GB/T 6043-09. Chinese National Standard, China Standards Press, Beijing, China.nJin L, Walcheski P, Preston A (2010) Studies on effect of pH on copper availability in copper-based preservatives. Int. Res. Group on Wood Protection. Doc. No. IRG/WP 30549. Stockholm, Sweden.nKang SM, Hwang IY, Kim SK (2008) Effect of steam on fixation of Cu-amine preservative treated wood. Int. Res. Group on Wood Protection. Doc. No. IRG/WP 08-50251. Stockholm, Sweden.nLee AWC, James CG, Frank HT (1993) Effect of rapid redrying shortly after treatment on leachability of CCA-treated southern pine. Forest Prod J 43(2):37-40.nLee MJ, Cooper PA (2010) Adsorption of ACQ components in wood. Int. Res. Group on Wood Protection. Doc. No. IRG/WP 30522. Stockholm, Sweden.nLebow ST, Morrell JJ (1995) Interactions of ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA) with Douglar-fir. Wood Fiber Sci 27(2):105-118.nRen H, Huang A, Liu J (2006) Research on and suggestions for processing and utilization of Chinese fir. China Wood Industry 20(1):25-27.nRennie PMS, Gary SM, Dickinson DJ (1987) Copper based water-borne preservatives: Copper adsorption in relation to performance against soft-rot. Int. Res. Group on Wood Protection. Doc. No. IRG/WP 3452. Stockholm, Sweden.nRuddick JNR (2003) Basic copper wood preservatives, preservative depletion: Factors which influence loss. Proc Can Wood Preserv Assoc 24:26-59.nShi JL, He FW (2006) Test and analysis of pulp and paper. China Light Industry Press, Beijing, China.nStevanovic-Janesic T, Cooper PA, Ung YT (2000) Chromated copper arsenate preservative treatment of North American hardwoods. Part 1. CCA fixation performance. Holzforschung 54(6):577-584.nStook K, Tolaymat T, Ward M, Dubey B, Townsend T, Solo-Grabriele H, Bitton G (2005) Relative leaching and aquatic toxicity of pressure-treated wood products using batch leaching tests. Environ Sci Technol 39:155-163.nThomson SM, Pasek EA (1997) Amine copper reaction with wood components: acidity versus copper adsorption. Int. Res. Group on Wood Protection. Doc. No. IRG/WP 30161. Stockholm, Sweden.nUng YT, Cooper PA (2005) Copper stabilization in ACQ-D treated wood: Retention, temperature and species effects. Holz Roh Werkst 63:186-191.nYu LL, Cao J, Cooper PA, Tang ZZ (2009a) Effects of hot water post-treatment on accelerating copper fixation in ACQ-D-treated Chinese fir. Wood Fiber Sci 41(3):1-9.nYu LL, Cao J, Cooper PA, Ung YT (2009b) Effect of hot air post-treatments on copper leaching resistance in ACQ-D treated Chinese fir. Eur J Wood Prod 67: 457-463.nZhang J, Kamdem DP 1999. FTIR characterization of copper ethanolamine-wood interaction. International Research Group Wood Preservation, Rosenheim, Germany. Document No: IRG/WP/99-20154.n

Downloads

Published

2010-10-11

Issue

Number 4 / October 2010

Section

Research Contributions

License

The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:

1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.

2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.

3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.