Performance Evaluation of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin-impregnated Veneers and Laminated Veneer Lumber

Authors

  • Brad Jianhe Wang
  • Ying Hei Chui

Keywords:

Laminated veneer lumber (LVL), lodgepole pine, mountain pine beetle (MPB), phenol formaldehyde (PF), resin impregnation, veneer

Abstract

For the past decade, mountain pine beetle infestation in British Columbia, Canada, has substantially changed wood characteristics of vast amounts of the lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) resource. Resin impregnation is one method that could improve the properties of the beetle-affected wood. The key objective of this study was to examine the impact of resin impregnation on dynamic MOE of lodgepole pine veneers and properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made with these treated veneers. A new phenol formaldehyde resin was formulated to treat these veneers using dipping and vacuum-pressure methods. Five-ply LVL billets were made with treated and untreated veneers. Their color, dimensional stability, surface hardness, flatwise bending modulus and strength, and shear strength were evaluated. Good correlation existed between veneer MOE enhancement and resin solids uptake. With the same treatment, stained veneers had higher resin retention and in turn greater MOE enhancement than nonstained (clear) veneers. A 5-min dipping was sufficient for veneers to achieve approximately 7 and 10% resin solids uptake and in turn 5 and 8% enhancement in veneer MOE for nonstained and stained veneers, respectively. LVL made with treated veneers had a harder surface with no discoloration concerns compared with the control. Also, evidence suggested that use of resin impregnation can improve dimensional stability, shear strength, and flatwise bending MOE of LVL.

References

ASTM (2006) D 1037. Standard test methods for evaluating properties of wood-base fiber and particle panel materials. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.nBrady DE, Kamke FA (1988) Effect of hot-pressing parameters on resin penetration. Forest Prod J 38(11/12):63-68.nChui YH, Schneider MH, Zhang HJ (1994) Effects of resin impregnation and process parameters on some properties of poplar LVL. Forest Prod J 44(6):74-78.nGindl W, Muller U, Teischinger A (2003) Transverse compression strength and fracture of spruce wood modified by melamine-formaldehyde impregnation of cell walls. Wood Fiber Sci 35(2):239-246.nGoktas OM, Duru E, Yeniocak M, Ozen E (2008) Determination of the color stability of an environmentally friendly wood stain derived from laurel leaf extracts under UV exposure. Forest Prod J 58(1/2):77-80.nHare DA, Kutscha NP (1974) Microscopy of eastern spruce plywood gluelines. Wood Sci 6(3):294-304.nJAS (1993) JAS SIS-24 Japanese Agricultural Standard for Structural Laminated Veneer Lumber. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), Tokyo, Japan.nKamke FA, Lee JN (2007) Adhesive penetration in wood: A review. Wood Fiber Sci 39(2):205-220.nMetriguard (1998) Manual of Metriguard model 239: A stress wave timer, care and instructions, theory and data reduction. Metriguard, Inc., Pullman, WA.nMiroy F, Eymard P, Pizzi A (1995) Wood hardening by methyoxymethyl melamine. Holz Roh Werkst 53:276.nNearn WT (1974) Application of ultrastructure concept in industrial wood products research. Wood Sci 6 (3):285-293.nNicholas DD, Williams AD (1987) Dimensional stabilization of wood with dimethylol compounds. IRG/WP 3412. International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Honey Harbour, Ontario, Canada.nOrs Y, Keskin H, Atar M, Colakoglu M (2007) Effects of impregnation with Imersol-aqua on the modulus of elasticity in bending of laminated wood materials. Construct Build Mater 21:1647-1655.nShams I, Yano H, Endou K (2004) Compressive deformation of wood impregnated with low molecular weight PF resin. I. Effects of pressing pressure and pressure holding. J Wood Sci 50:337-342.nTroughton GE, Steiner PR (1992) Development of high stiffness laminated veneer lumber made from BC soft-woods. Submitted to Science Council of British Columbia Grant #196 (T-1). Forintek Canada Corporation, Vancouver, BC, Canada.nTroughton GE, Steiner PR (1994) Development of laminated veneer lumber made from B.C. softwoods using a resin impregnation method. Submitted to Science Council of British Columbia Grant #7 (T-4). Forintek Canada Corporation, Vancouver, BC, Canada.nWalser DC, Troughton GE, Andersen AW (1993) High strength laminated veneer lumber. US patent no 5,234,747.nWan H, Kim MG (2006) Impregnation of southern pinewood and strands with low molecular weight phenolformaldehyde resins for stabilization of oriented strandboard. Wood Fiber Sci 38(2):314-324.nWang BJ, Chui YH, Xie D, He G (2009a) Impregnation of MPB veneers for value-added plywood products. Pages 185-201 in Proc 4th International Symposium on Veneer Processing and Products, May 24-27, 2009. Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland.nWang BJ, He G, Feng M, Dai C, Xie D, Chui YH (2009b) Manufacturing plywood from MPB veneers impregnated with a low molecular weight PF resin. Pages 171-184 in Proc 4th International Symposium on Veneer Processing and Products. May 24-27, 2009. Helsinki University of Technology, Espoo, Finland.nWang BJ, Wharton S (2008) Benchmarking mountain pine beetle (MPB)-attacked lodgepole pine veneer for plywood/LVL products. Forest Prod J 58(12):87-92.nZhang Y, Zhang SY, Chui YH, Wan H (2006) Effect of impregnation and in-situ polymerization of methacrylates on hardness of sugar maple wood. J Appl Polym Sci 99(4):1674-1683.n

Downloads

Published

2012-01-13

Issue

Number 1 / January 2012

Section

Research Contributions

License

The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:

1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.

2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.

3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.