PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GLUED-LAMINATED LUMBER FROM FAST-GROWING TREE SPECIES USING MAHOGANY TANNIN ADHESIVE

Authors

  • Andi Sri Rahayu Diza Lestari Bogor Agricultural University
  • Yusuf Sudo Hadi Bogor Agricultural University http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2212-4501
  • Dede Hermawan Bogor Agricultural University
  • Adi Santoso Forest Products Research Institute
  • Antonio Pizzi University of Lorraine

Keywords:

Mahogany tannin, hydrolyzable tannin, tannin resorcinol formaldehyde, glued-laminated lumber (glulam), fast-growing tree species

Abstract

Tannin from mahogany bark extract contains polyphenols that could be used in adhesives. In this study, tannin (T) was reacted with resorcinol (R) and formaldehyde (F) at a ratio of 100:3:5 (w/w/w) under alkaline conditions to make an adhesive. The physical–chemical properties of tannin and TRF adhesive were assessed. Three-layer glued–laminated lumber (glulam) made with wood from jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba), pine (Pinus merkusii), and sengon (Falcataria moluccana) was bonded using TRF with a glue spread of 280 g/m2, cold pressed at 1.47 MPa for 4 h, and then clamped for 24 h. Glulam physical–mechanical properties were tested based on Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS) 234-2007. Comparison of the physical properties of mahogany tannin and TRF showed that the solids content of mahogany tannin increased after becoming TRF. Compared with phenol resorcinol formaldehyde (PRF) resins, TRF had a similar appearance and specific gravity, but differed in solids content, viscosity, and gel time. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time of flight mass (TOF) spectra revealed that mahogany tannin could be classified as hydrolyzable, and pyrolysis Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) showed that the phenolic content was 8.87%. Copolymerization in TRF was indicated by a shift in wave number in Fourier transform IR, reduced percentage of the phenolic component, and increased pH and melting temperature. Mahogany tannin could be prepared for cold-set TRF glulam adhesive, and all glulams fulfilled JAS 234-2007 with regard to MC and MOR. Although TRF adhesive contained a small amount of resorcinol, it was suitable for low density wood, and in dry condition performed equal to PRF.

References

Akzonobel (2017) PRF system 1711 with Hardener 2734.

Akzonobel adhesives Pte. Ltd, Surabaya, Indonesia [ID].

Alamsyah EM, Nan LC, Yamada M, Taki K, Yoshida H (2007) Bondability of tropical fast-growing tree species I: Indonesian wood species. J Wood Sci 53:40-46.

Clark A, Richard F, Daniels, Jordan L (2006) Juvenile mature wood transition in loblolly pine as defined manual ring specific gravity, proportion of latewood, and microfibril angle. Wood Fiber Sci 38(2):292-299.

Fajriani E, Ruelle J, Dlouha J, Fournier M, Hadi YS, Darmawan W (2013) Radial variation of wood properties of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) and jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba). J Ind Acad Wood Sci 10(2):110-117.

Falah S, Suzuki T, Katayama T (2008) Chemical constituents from Swietenia macrophylla bark and their antioxidant activity. Pak J Biol Sci 16:2007-2012.

Ghahri S, Pizzi A (2018) Improving soy-based adhesives for wood particleboard by tannins addition. Wood Sci Technol 52(1):261-279.

Hadi YS, Efendi M, Massijaya MY, Arinana, Pari G (2016) Technical note: Subterranean termite resistance of smoked glued laminated lumber made from fast growing tree species in Indonesia. Wood Fiber Sci 48(3):211-216.

Hadi YS, Rahayu IS, Danu S (2013) Physical and mechanical properties of methyl methacrylate impregnated jabon wood. J Ind Acad Wood Sci 10(2):77-80.

Hadi YS, Rahayu IS, Danu S (2015) Termite resistance of jabon wood impregnated with methyl methacrylate. J Trop For Sci 27:25-29.

Hendrik J, Hadi YS, Massijaya MY, Santoso A (2016) Properties of laminated composite panels made from fast growing species glued with mangium tannin adhesive. BioResources 11(3):5949-5960.

Hindriani H (2005) Synthesis and characterization of phenol formaldehyde copolymers tannins from bark extract mangium (Acacia mangium) as well as its application as particle board adhesives. Master thesis, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.

Japan Agricultural Standard (JAS) 234 (2007) Glued laminated timber. JAS 234. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan.

Karlinasari L, Hermawan D, Maddu A, Martiandi B, Hadi YS (2012) Development of particleboard from tropical fastgrowing species for acoustic panel. J Trop For Sci 24(1):64-69.

Komariah RN, Hadi YS, Massijaya YM, Suryana J (2015) Physical-mechanical properties of glued laminated timber made from tropical small-diameter logs grown in Indonesia. J Korean Wood Sci Technol 43(2):156-167.

Lestari ASRD, Hadi YS, Hermawan D, Santoso A (2015) Glulam properties of fast-growing species using mahogany tannin adhesive. BioResources 10(4):7419-7433.

Lestari ASRD, Hadi YS, Hermawan D, Santoso A (2018) Physical and mechanical properties of glued laminated lumber of pine (Pinus merkusii) and jabon (Anthocephalu cadamba). J Korean Wood Sci Technol 46(2):143-148.

Lisperguer J, Saravia Y, Vergara E (2016) Structure and thermal behavior of tannins from Acacia dealbata bark and their reactivity toward formaldehyde. J Chil Chem Soc 61(4):3188-3190.

Ministry of Environment and Forestry (2017) Statistic of forestry 2016. The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Moubarik A, Charrier B, Allal A, Charrier F, Pizzi A (2010) Development and optimization of a new formaldehyde free cornstarch and tannin wood adhesive. Eur J Wood Wood Prod 68:167-177.

National Standardization Agency of Indonesia (BSN) (1998) Collection of adhesive standard 06-4565. Jakarta, Indonesia.

Olorunnisola AO (2018) Design of structural elements with tropical hardwoods. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland.

O’Neil MJ (2001) The Merck index—An encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals, 13th edition. Merck and Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ. 569 pp.

Pizzi A (1982) Pine tannin adhesives for particleboard. Holz Roh-Werkst 40(8):293-291.

Rachmawaty O (2017) Synthesis of tanin resorcinol formaldehyde from mangium extract bark for improving the quality of palm oil. Master Thesis, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.

Ruhendi S, Koroh DN, Syamani FA, Yanti H, Nurhaida, Saad S, Sucipto T (2007) Analysis of wood adhesion. Bogor Agricultural University Faculty of Forestry, Bogor, Indonesia.

Santos J, Antorrena G, FreireMS, Pizzi A, Gonzalez-Alvarez J (2016) Environmentally friendly wood adhesives based on chestnut (Castanea sativa) shell tannins. Eur J Wood Wood Prod 75(1):89-100.

Santoso A (2001) Tanin and lignin from Acacia mangium Willd. as a future wood adhesive [inaugural oration of research professor]. Research Center for Forest Product Technology, Bogor, Indonesia.

Santoso A (2003) Synthesis and establishment of lignin resorcinol formaldehyde resins for laminate wood adhesives. PhD Thesis, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.

Santoso A, Hadi YS, Malik J (2014) Composite flooring quality of combined wood species using adhesive from merbau wood extract. Forest Prod J 64(5-6):179-186.

Santoso A, Hadi YS, Pizzi A, Lagel MC (2016) Characterization of merbau wood extract used as an adhesive in glued laminated lumber. Forest Prod J 66(5-6):313-318.

Yi Z, Wang W, Zang W, Li J (2016) Preparation of tannin–formaldehyde–furfural resin with pretreatment of depolymerization of condensed tannin and ring opening of furfural. J Adhes Sci Technol 30(9):947-959.

Downloads

Published

2019-04-17

Issue

Vol. 51 No. 2 (2019)

Section

Research Contributions

License

The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:

1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.

2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.

3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.