APPARATUS FOR GRAVIMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF MOISTURE SORPTION ISOTHERMS FOR 1-100 g SAMPLES IN PARALLEL
Keywords:
wood-moisture relations, dynamic vapor sorption, water vapor sorption, isothermAbstract
This article presents a new apparatus for collecting water vapor sorption isotherms in parallel with example data from acetylated and thermally modified loblolly pine. The experimental setup consists of an enclosure that is continuously flushed with a carrier gas of known RH supplied by an RH generator and a balance with precision of 0.1 mg. All samples are placed on the balance and the mass is monitored as a function of time. At a given RH, the measurements are stopped when the change in the total mass of all samples are less than or equal to a change in MC of 0.1 mg g1 min1 (0.000 01%) per minute over a 24 h window. The sorption isotherms effectively differentiated the wood modifications; isotherm models fit the data extremely well (R2 0.95 for all treatments). A comparison of the data with measurements on the same specimens conditioned over saturated salt solutions shows that the method is comparable with isotherms acquired over saturated salts. When compared with the saturated salt solution method for collecting isotherms, this method requires less labor. Furthermore, unlike traditional dynamic vapor sorption methods, this apparatus easily allows multiple macroscopic samples to be run in parallel.
References
Anderson, R. B. (1946) Modifications of the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller Equation. Journal of the American Chemical Society 68(4):686-691.
Anon (2016) C1498 − 04a. Standard test method for hygroscopic sorption isotherms of building materials. West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials.
Arlabosse, P, Rodier, E, Ferrasse, JH, Chavez, S, Lecomte, D (2003) Comparison between static and dynamic methods for sorption isotherm measurements. Drying Technology 21(3):479-497.
Ceylan, Özgür, Landuyt, Lieve, Meulewaeter, Frank, Clerck, Karen (2012) Moisture sorption in developing cotton fibers. Cellulose 19(5):1517-1526.
Dent, R. W. (1977) Multilayer Theory for Gas Sorption .1. Sorption of a Single Gas. Textile Research Journal 47(2):145-152.
Driemeier, Carlos, Mendes, Fernanda M, Oliveira, Marcelo M (2012) Dynamic vapor sorption and thermoporometry to probe water in celluloses. Cellulose 19(4):1051-1063.
Engelund, Emil Tang, Klamer, Morten, Venås, M (2010) in Acquisition of sorption isotherms for modified woods by the use of dynamic vapour sorption instrumentation: principles and practice. Paper read at 41st Annual Meeting of the International Research Group on Wood Protection, Biarritz, France, 9-13 May 2010.
Glass SV, Boardman, CR, Thybring, EE, Zelinka, SL (2018)
Quantifying and reducing errors in equilibrium moisture
content measurements with dynamic vapor sorption (DVS)
experiments. Wood Sci Technol (online ahead of print,
doi:10.1007/s00226-018-1007-0).
Glass SV, Boardman CR, Zelinka SL (2017) Short hold times
in dynamic vapor sorption measurements mischaracterize
the equilibrium moisture content of wood. Wood Sci
Technol 51(2):243-260.
Glass SV, Zelinka SL, Johnson JA (2014) Investigation
of historic equilibrium moisture content data from the
Forest Products Laboratory. General Technical Report
FPL-GTR-229. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory,
Madison, WI.
Goulet, Marcel (1968) Phénomènes de second ordre de la sorption d'humidité dans le bois au terme d'un conditionnement de trois mois à temperature normale: Département d'exploitation et utilisation des bois, Faculté de foresterie et géodésie, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.
Goulet, Marcel, Hernández, Roger (2007) Influence of moisture sorption on the strength of sugar maple wood in tangential tension. Wood and Fiber Science 23(2):197-206.
Greenspan, L. (1977) Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards- A. Physics and Chemistry 81A(1):89-96.
Hailwood, A. J., Horrobin, S. (1946) Absorption of water by polymers: analysis in terms of a simple model. Transactions of the Faraday Society 42:B084-B092-B084-B092.
Hedlin, Charles Peter (1968) Sorption isotherms of twelve woods at subfreezing temperatures. Forest Products Journal 17(12):43-48.
Hill CA (2006) Wood modification: Chemical, thermal and
other processes, Vol. 5. John Wiley & Sons, West Sussex,
England.
Hill, C. A. S., Norton, A, Newman, G (2009) The water vapor sorption behavior of natural fibers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 112(3):1524-1537.
Hill CAS, Norton A, Newman G (2010a) The water vapour
sorption properties of Sitka spruce determined using a
dynamic vapour sorption apparatus. Wood Sci Technol
(3):497-514.
Hill CAS, Norton A, Newman G (2010b) The water vapor
sorption behavior of flax fibers—Analysis using the parallel
exponential kinetics model and determination of the activation energies of sorption. J App Polym Sci 116(4):2166-2173.
Hill CAS, Norton A, Newman G (2010c) Analysis of the
water vapour sorption behaviour of Sitka spruce [Picea
sitchensis (Bongard) Carr.] based on the parallel exponential
kinetics model. Holzforschung 64(4):469-473.
Himmel S, Mai C (2015) Effects of acetylation and formalization on the dynamic water vapor sorption behavior
of wood. Holzforschung 69(5):633-643.
Jalaludin, Zaihan, Hill, Callum A. S., Xie, Yanjun, Samsi, Hashim W., Husain, Hamdan, Awang, Khairul, Curling, Simon F. (2010) Analysis of the water vapour sorption isotherms of thermally modified acacia and sesendok. Wood Material Science and Engineering 5(3):194 - 203.
Keating, Barbara A., Hill, Callum A. S., Sun, Dongyang, English, Rob, Davies, Phil, McCue, Charles (2013) The water vapor sorption behavior of a galactomannan cellulose nanocomposite film analyzed using parallel exponential kinetics and the Kelvin–Voigt viscoelastic model. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 129(4):2352-2359.
Kohler, Robert, Alex, Rainer, Brielmann, Renate, Ausperger, Bernhard (2006) in A new kinetic model for water sorption isotherms of cellulosic materials. Paper read at Macromolecular Symposia.
Mangiagli, P. M., Ewing, C. S., Xu, K., Wang, Q., Hickner, M. A. (2009) Dynamic Water Uptake of Flexible Ion-Containing Polymer Networks. Fuel Cells 9(4):432-438.
Peuhkuri, Ruut Hannele, Rode, Carsten, Hansen, Kurt Kielsgaard (2005) in Effect of method, step size and drying temperature on sorption isotherms. Paper read at 7th Nordic symposium on building physics.
Popescu, Carmen-Mihaela, Hill, Callum A. S., Curling, Simon, Ormondroyd, Graham, Xie, Yanjun (2013) The water vapour sorption behaviour of acetylated birch wood: how acetylation affects the sorption isotherm and accessible hydroxyl content. Journal of Materials Science 49(5):2362-2371.
Rowell, Roger M, Tillman, Anne-Marie, Simonson, Rune (1986) A simplified procedure for the acetylation of hardwood and softwood flaxes for flakeboard production. Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology 6(3):427-448.
Simon C, Fernandez FG, Esteban LG, de Palacios P,
Hosseinpourpia R, Mai C (2017) Comparison of the saturated
salt and dynamic vapor sorption methods in
obtaining the sorption properties of Pinus pinea L. Eur J
Wood Wood Prod 75(6):919-926.
Simpson, W. (1980) Sorption theories applied to wood. Wood and Fiber Science 12(3):183-195.
Strømdahl K (2000) Water sorption in wood and plant fibres.
Technical University of Denmark (Danmarks Tekniske
Universitet), Department of Structural Engineering and
Materials (Institut for Bærende Konstruktioner og Materialer),
Copenhagen, Demark.
Thygesen LG, Tang Engelund E, Hoffmeyer P (2010) Water
sorption in wood and modified wood at high values of
relative humidity. Part I: Results for untreated, acetylated,
and furfurylated Norway spruce. Holzforschung 64(3):
-323.
Volkova N, Ibrahim V, Hatti-Kaul R, Wads¨o L (2012) Water
sorption isotherms of Kraft lignin and its composites.
Carbohydr Polym 87(2):1817-1821.
Xie Y, Hill CAS, Jalaludin Z, Curling S, Anandjiwala R,
Norton A, Newman G (2011b) The dynamic water vapour
sorption behaviour of natural fibres and kinetic analysis
using the parallel exponential kinetics model. J Mater Sci
(2):479-489.
Xie Y, Hill CAS, Jalaludin Z, Sun D (2011a) The water
vapour sorption behaviour of three celluloses: Analysis
using parallel exponential kinetics and interpretation using
the Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model. Cellulose 18(3):
-530.
Xie Y, Hill CAS, Xiao Z, Jalaludin Z, Militz H, Mai C (2010)
Water vapor sorption kinetics of wood modified with
glutaraldehyde. J Appl Polym Sci 117(3):1674-1682.
Zelinka SL, Glass SV (2010) Water vapor sorption isotherms
for southern pine treated with several waterborne preservatives. J Test Eval 38(4):80-88.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:
1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.
2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.
3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
