EFFECTS OF CUTTERHEAD DIAMETER AND LOG INFEED POSITION ON SURFACE QUALITY OF BLACK SPRUCE CANTS PRODUCED BY A CHIPPER-CANTER
Keywords:
chipper-canter, infeed position, attack angle, surface quality, black spruceAbstract
The effects of the cutterhead diameter and log infeed position on surface quality of black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill] B.S.P.) cants processed by a conical chipper-canter were evaluated. Three cutterhead diameters (345.2, 448.7, and 661.5 mm) combined with three infeed positions or vertical distance from the cutterhead axis to the bedplate on which the log was supported, were studied. The nominal linear cutting speed was fixed at 23.5 m/s. Rotation and feed speeds were adjusted to obtain a nominal feed per knife (chip length) of 25.4 mm. For each cutting condition, two sides of the log were machined at either frozen or unfrozen wood temperatures. Surface quality was analyzed according to waviness and roughness standard parameters. Results showed that surface quality was affected by the cutterhead diameter, infeed position, and wood condition (frozen and unfrozen). Surface quality improved as the vertical distance from the cutterhead axis to the bedplate increased. The global action of the bent knife induced some vibration into the canting edge, which could explain the variation in surface quality among infeed positions. Moreover, frozen logs produced smoother surfaces compared with unfrozen logs. In addition, the effect of the angle of the canting edge with respect to the wood grain on cant surface quality depended on the orientation of the growth rings and on the wood condition (frozen and unfrozen). These results give useful information to improve surface quality within the studied range of infeed positions and cutterhead diameters.
References
de Moura LF, Hernández RE (2006) Evaluation of varnish
coating performance for three surfacing methods on
sugar maple wood. Forest Prod J 56(11/12):130-136.
Gerhards CC (1982) Effect of the moisture content and
temperature on the mechanical properties of wood: An
analysis of immediate effects. Wood Fiber Sci 14(1):
-36.
Ghosh SC, Hernández RE, Blais C (2015) Effect of knife
wear on surface quality of black spruce cants produced
by a chipper-canter. Wood Fiber Sci 47(4):355-364.
Hernández RE, Cool J (2008) Effects of cutting parameters
on surface quality of paper birch wood machined across
the grain with two planing techniques. Holz Roh Werkst
(2):147-154.
Hernández RE, Kuljich S, Koubaa A (2010) Effect of cutting
width and cutting height on the surface quality of
black spruce cants produced by a chipper-canter. Wood
Fiber Sci 42(3):273-284.
Hernández RE, Kuljich S, Naffeti O, Koubaa A (2013)
Effect of cutting speed on the surface quality of black
spruce cants produced by a chipper-canter. Forest Prod J
(1/2):39-46.
Hernández RE, Llavé AM, Koubaa A (2014a) Effects of
cutting parameters on cutting forces and surface quality
of black spruce cants. Eur J Wood Wood Prod 72(1):
-116.
Hernández RE, Passarini L, Koubaa A (2014b) Effects of
temperature and moisture content on selected wood
mechanical properties involved in the chipping process.
Wood Sci Technol 48(6):1281-1301.
Iskra P, Hernández RE (2012) Towards a process monitoring
of CNC wood router. Sensor selection and surface
roughness prediction. Wood Sci Technol 46(1):115-128.
ISO 4287 (1997) Geometrical product specifications (GPS)—
Surface texture: Profiles method—terms—definitions
and surface texture parameters. British Standards Institute,
Geneva, Switzerland.
ISO DTS 16610-31 (2010) Geometrical product specifications
(GPS)—Filtration part 31: Robust profile filters,
Gaussian regression filters. British Standards Institute,
Geneva, Switzerland.
Jackson MR, Parkin RM, Brown N (2002) Waves on
wood. Proc Inst Mech Eng, B J Eng Manuf 216(4):
-497.
Jackson MR, Hynek P, Parkin RM (2007) On planing
machine engineering chracteristics and machined timber
surface quality. Proc Inst Mech Eng, E J Process Mech
Eng 221(1):17-32.
Kuljich S, Hernández RE, Llavé AM, Koubaa A (2013)
Effects of cutting direction, rake angle, and depth of cut
on cutting forces and surface quality during machining
of balsam fir. Wood Fiber Sci 45(2):195-205.
Kuljich S, Hernández RE, Blais C (2015) Effects of the
cutterhead diameter and log infeed position on the
energy requirements of a chipper-canter. Wood Fiber Sci
(4):399-409.
Kuljich S, Hernández RE, Blais C (2017) Effects of
cutterhead diameter and log infeed position on size distribution of pulp chips produced by a chipper-canter.
Eur J Wood Wood Prod. doi:10.1007/s00107-016-1150-y.
Lemaster RL, Taylor JB (1999) High speed assessment of
wood and wood-based composites. Pages 479-488 in
Proc 14th International Wood Machining Seminar,
September 12-19, 1999, Paris, Epinal and Cluny, France.
Lemaster RL, Lu L, Jackson S (2000) The use of process
monitoring techniques on a CNC wood router. Part 2.
Use of vibration accelerometer to monitor tool wear and
workpiece quality. Forest Prod J 50(9):59-64.
Lunstrum SJ (1985) Balanced saw performance. Tech Rep
No. 12, For Serv Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI. 17pp.
Sandak J, Negri M (2005) Wood surface roughness:
What is it? Pages 242-250 in Proc 17th International
Wood Machining Seminar, September 26-28, 2005,
Rosenheim, Germany.
Sandak J (2011) Modeling wood surface geometry after
wood machining. Pages 173-180 in Proc 20th International
Wood Machining Seminar, June 7-10, 2011,
Skellefteå, Sweden.
Stewart HA (1985) Determining face-milling radial rake
angle to reduce exit edge tear-out in yellow poplar.
Forest Prod J 35(7/8):57-58.
Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (2007) Using multivariate statistics.
th ed. Pearson, Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA.
pp.
Zhang SY, Koubaa A (2008) Black spruce. Pages 1-28 in
Softwoods of Eastern Canada: Their silvics, characteristics,
manufacturing, and end-uses. Special Publication
SP-526E, FPInnovations, Quebec, Canada
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:
1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.
2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.
3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
