Pulp and Papermaking Properties of A Hybrid Poplar Clone Grown Under Four Management Strategies and Two Soil Sites
Keywords:
Hybrid poplar, management strategies, pulp, papermaking, soil sitesAbstract
A study was undertaken to evaluate the pulp and papermaking properties of short rotation intensive culture (SRIC), three-year-old, Populus hybrid grown under four management strategies (control, irrigation, fertilization, and fertilization/irrigation) on two sites with either favorable or unfavorable inherent conditions for high biomass yields. No large differences in total pulp yields were observed with management strategy, although the fertilization/irrigation growth strategy produced debarked chips that gave slightly higher total pulp yields with lower permanganate numbers than did debarked chips obtained from the other three growth strategies. In addition, no significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in total kraft pulp yields were observed between sites. As expected, the wood/bark chip mixture for each management strategy and site produced significantly lower pulp yields with higher permanganate numbers compared to the debarked chips.
Handsheet strength evaluation studies were conducted using these pulps, and no statistical differences in handsheet breaking length, tear, burst, and M.I.T. fold were measured among management strategies or sites. However, longer fibers were measured from wood obtained from trees grown on the Basher (favorable) site. No statistical differences in handsheet properties were measured between debarked and total tree pulps. Results of this study indicated that neither the growth management strategy nor the soil site influenced handsheet strength properties for three-year-old Populus hybrid. These observations imply that the silviculturalist should grow SRIC Populus trees that produce the highest biomass yield at lowest possible cost.
References
Blankenhorn, P. R., T. W. Bowersox, C. H. Strauss, G. L. Stimely, C. A. Hornicsar, and M. L. DeCola. 1984a. The characterization of hybrid poplar as a potential feedstock for fermentation to ethanol. TAPPI 1984 Res. Dev. Conf. Proc. (in press).nBlankenhorn, P. R., T. W. Bowersox, C. H. Strauss, G. L. Stimely, C. A. Hornicsar, and M. L. DeCola. 1984b. Net energy and economic analyses for producing Populus hybrid under four management strategies. Annual Report, UCC Subcontract No. 7928. 183 pp.nBlankenhorn, P. R., T. W. Bowersox, C. H. Strauss, L. R. Stover, K. D. Oswald, S. C. Grado, and R. P. Long. 1981. Net energy and economic analyses for producing Populus hybrid under four management strategies. Annual Report, UCC Subcontract No. 7928. 103 pp.nBowersox, T. W., and W. W. Ward. 1976. Growth and yield of close spaced, young hybrid poplars. For. Sci. 22(4):449-454.nBowersox, T. W. P. R. Blankenhorn, C. H. Strauss, and L. Stover. 1984. Irrigation and fertilization increases the biomass yield of dense Populus plantations. Proc. International Poplar Commission, Ottawa, Ontario (in press).nBrown, K. J. 1956. Effect of bark in the sulphate pulping of a northern oak mixture. TAPPI 39:443-448.nBrowning, B. L. 1967. Methods of wood chemistry, vol. 2. Interscience Pub., New York.nCrist, J. B. 1983. Synopsis of utilization research on SRIC raw materials. In: Intensive plantation culture: 12 years research. North Central For. Exp. Stn. For. Serv. USDA, St. Paul, MN.nCrist, J. B. and D. H. Dawson. 1975. Anatomy and dry weight yields of two Populus clones grown under intensive culture. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. NC-113. 6 pp.nEinspahr, D. W., M. K. Benson, and M. L. Harder. 1971. Influence of irrigation and fertilization on growth and wood properties of quaking aspen. Proc. Symp. Effect of Growth Accelerating on Prop, of Wood., Univ. of Wisconsin, WI. Pp. 1-9.nEinspahr, D. W., M. L. Harder, E. W. Hsu, and P. J. Vizvary. 1979. Kraft pulping characteristics of hickory wood/bark mixtures. TAPPI 63(10):115-118.nIsebrands, J. G., and R. A. Parham. 1974. Tension wood anatomy of short-rotation Populus spp. before and after kraft pulping. Wood Sci. 6(3):256-265.nKerridge, R., J. Temler, and J. R. G. Bryce. 1979. Chemical pulping characteristics of young poplar. Pages 25-1 to 25-10 in D. C. F. Fayle, L. Zsuffa, and H. W. Anderson, eds. Poplar research, management and utilization in Canada. Ont. Min. Nat. Res., For. Res. Inf. Paper No. 102, Maple, Ontario.nLabosky, P., Jr., T. W. Bowersox, and P. R. Blankenhorn. 1983. Kraft pulp yield and paper properties obtained from first and second rotations of three hybrid poplar clones. Wood Fiber Sci. 15(1):81-89.nMarton, R., G. R. Stairs, and E. J. Schreiner. 1968. Influence of growth rate and clonal effect on wood anatomy and pulping properties of hybrid poplars. TAPPI 51(5):230-235.nMurphey, W. K., T. W. Bowersox, and P. R. Blankenhorn. 1979. Selected wood properties of young Populus hybrids. Wood Sci. 11(4):263-267.nNielson, R. W. 1981. Poplar utilization trends and prospects. Pages 63-77 in Proc. of Second Annual Meeting of the Poplar Council of Canada. Richmond, British Columbia.nRydholm, S. A. 1965. Pulping processes. Interscience Publishers, New York, NY. 1,137 pp.nSAS User's Guide. 1982. SAS Institute, Inc., Gary, NC.nTechnical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry. Standards T205os-71, T220m-60, T2114m-50, and T233os-75. Atlanta, GA.nZarges, R. V., R. D. Neuman, and J. B. Crist. 1980. Kraft pulp and paper properties of Populus clones grown under short rotation intensive culture. TAPPI 63(7):91-94.nZavitkovski, J., and David H. Dawson. 1978. Intensively cultured plantations-Structure and biomass production of 1- to 7-year-old tamarack in Wisconsin. TAPPI 61(6):68-70.n
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:
1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.
2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.
3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
