Deformation of Wood-Based Material During Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Treatment

Authors

  • Georg Oberdorfer
  • Robert J. Leichti
  • Jeffrey J. Morrell

Keywords:

Supercritical fluids, OSB (oriented strandboard), medium density fiberboard, laminated veneer lumber, deformation

Abstract

The deformation of various wood-based materials during supercritical carbon dioxide treatment was assessed in situ at a range of pressurization and venting rates. Deformation was minimal with oriented strandboard (OSB), medium density fiberboard (MDF), and solid Douglas-fir heartwood, and even this slight deformation was rapidly recovered once the pressure was released. Higher degrees of deformation were observed in laminated veneer lumber (LVL) composed of Douglas-fir veneers and this deformation was not completely recovered at the end of the process. The resulting deformation resulted in permanent veneer separations. The results indicate that there is little risk of damage during supercritical carbon dioxide treatment of OSB, MDF, and Douglas-fir heartwood, but that further process studies will be required to identify treatment cycles suitable for treatment of LVL.

References

Acda, M. N., J. J. Morrell, and K. L. Levien. 1997a. Effects of supercritical fluid treatments on physical and mechanical properties of wood-based composites. Wood Fiber Sci.29(2):121-130.nAcda, M. N., J. J. Morrell, and K. L. Levien. 1997b. Effects of process variables on supercritical fluid impregnation of composites with tebuconazole. Wood Fiber Sci.29(3):282-290.nAcda, M. N., J. J. Morrell, and K. L. Levien. 2001. Supercritical fluid impregnation of selected wood species with tebuconazole. Wood Sci. Technol.35(1/2):127-136.nAcda, M. N., J. J. Morrell, and K. L. Levien. 2000. The effects of supercritical CO2 on the bending properties of four refractory wood species. Forest Prod. J.50(11/12):85-93.nBerens, A. R., G. S. Huvard, and R. W. Korsmeyer. 1989. Process for incorporating an additive into a polymer and product produced thereby. U.S. Patent 4,820,752.nBernburg, P. J., and V. L. Krukonis. 1991. Processing of the carbon/carbon composites using supercritical fluid technology. U.S. Patent 5,035,921.nBoggess, R. K., L. T. Taylor, D. M. Stoakley, and A. K. St. Clair. 1997. Highly reflective polyimide films created by supercritical fluid infusion of a silver additive. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.64:1309-1317.nClifford, T. 1998. Fundamentals of supercritical fluids. Oxford Science Publications, Oxford, UK. 210 pp.nCobham, P., and P. Vinden. 1995. Internal pressure monitoring during the treatment of Pinus radiata D. Don. Int. Res. Group on Wood Pres. Doc. No. IRG/WP/95-40049. Stockholm, Sweden.nCooper, A. I. 2000. Polymer synthesis and processing using supercritical carbon dioxide. J. Mater. Chem.10:207-234.nDebenedetti, P. G., and R. C. Reid. 1986. Diffusion and mass transfer in supercritical fluids. AIChE J.32(12):2034-2046.nDeFilippi, R. P. 1982. CO2 as a solvent: Application to fats, oils and other materials. Chemistry and Industry19 (June):390-394.nHenriksen, O. 2000a. A method of performing an impregnating or extracting treatment on a resin-containing wood substrate. IPO Patent WO 0,027,547.nHenriksen, O. 2000b. A method of performing an impregnating or extracting treatment on a resin-containing wood substrate. IPO Patent WO 0,027,601.nHoyer, W. E. 1985. Extraction with supercritical fluids: Why, how and so what? Chemtech. (July):440-448.nIto, N., T. Ougiya, M. Taniguchi, and H. Imamura. 1984. Japanese Patent JP 59-101311.nKayihan, F. 1992. Method of perfusing a porous workpiece with a chemical compositions using cosolvents. U.S. Patent 5,094,892.nKim, G. H., and J. J. Morrell. 2000. In situ measurement of dimensional changes during supercritical fluid of white spruce lumber. Wood Fiber Sci.32(1):29-36.nKiran, E. 1995. Supercritical fluid processing in the pulp and paper and forest products industry. In K. W. Hutchenson and N. R. Foster, eds. Innovations in supercritical fluids, ACS symposium series 608, American Chem. Soc., Washington, DC. 380 pp.nKohli, K. K., and Kumar, S. 1989. High pressure impregnation of refractory woods. J. Timb. Dev. Assoc. (India)35(1):34-37.nKollmann, F. F. P. 1951. Technologie des Holzes und der Holzwerkstoffe. Springer, Berlin, Germany. 1050 pp.nLi, L., and E. Kiran. 1988. Interaction of supercritical fluids with lignocellulosic materials. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.27(7):1301-1312.nLink, S. O., M. E. Thiede, and M. G. van Bavel. 1998. An improved strain gage device for continuous field measurement of stem and fruit diameter. J. Exper. Bot.49:1583-1587.nLoferski, J. R. 1989. A laboratory-built clip-on strain gauge transducer for testing wood. Forest Prod. J.39(9):45.nMcHugh, M. A., and V. J. Krukonis. 1994. Supercritical fluid extraction principles and practice. 2nd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, MA.nMeasurements Group Inc. 1979. Strain gage installation with M-bond AE 10/15 and M-bond GA-2 adhesive systems, M-Line Accessories Instruction Bulletin B-137-13, Measurements Group Inc., Raleigh, NC. 4 pp.nMeasurements Group Inc. 1986. Strain gage soldering techniques, Tech Tip TT-609, Measurements Group Inc., Raleigh, NC. 4 pp.nMorrell, J. J., K. L. Levien, E. Sahle Demessie, S. Kumar, S. M. Smith, and H. M. Barnes. 1993. Treatment of wood using supercritical fluid process. Pages 6-35 in Proc. 14th Ann. Mtg. Canad. Wood Preserv. Assoc. Vancouver, BC, Canada.nPeek, R., and S. T. Goetsch. 1990. Dynamics of pressure change in wood during impregnation. Int. Res. Group on Wood Pres. Doc. No. IRG/WP/90-3615. Stockholm, Sweden.nPerman, C. A., J. M. Bartkus, H. O. Choi, M. E. Reichert, K. J. Witcher, R. C. Kao, J. S. Stefely, and J. E. Gozan. 1996. Method of polymer impregnation. U.S. Patent 5,508,060.nRitter, D. C., and A. G. Campbell. 1986. The effect of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction on pine wood structure. Pages 179-182 in Proc. 8th Symposium on Biotech. for Fuels and Chemicals. J. Wiley, New York, NY.nRitter, D. C., and A. G. Campbell. 1991. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of southern pine and ponderosa pine. Wood Fiber Sci.23(1):98-113.nSahle Demessie, E., A. Hassan, K. L. Levien, S. Kumar, and J. J. Morrell. 1995. Supercritical carbon dioxide treatment: Effect on permeability of Douglas-fir heartwood. Wood Fiber Sci.27(3):296-300.nSahle Demessie, E., K. L. Levien, and J. J. Morrell. 1998. Impregnating porous solids using supercritical CO2Chemtech.28(3):12-18.nSchneider, P. F., and J. J. Morrell. 1997. Internal pressure development in Douglas-fir during pressure treatment. Int. Res. Group on Wood Pres. Doc. No. IRG/WP 97-40091. Stockholm, Sweden. P. 7.nSchneider, P. F. 1999. Pressure measurement in wood as a method to understand pressure impregnation processes: Bethell, Rueping, Lowry, and supercritical carbon dioxide. Ph.D. dissertation, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR. 243 pp.nShieh, Y. T., J. H. Su, G. Manivannan, P. H. C. Lee, S. P. Swan, and W. D. Spall. 1996a. Interaction of supercritical carbon dioxide with polymers. I. Crystalline polymers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.59:695-705.nShieh, Y. T., J. H. Su, G. Manivannan, P. H. C. Lee, S. P. Swan, and W. D. Spall. 1996b. Interaction of supercritical carbon dioxide with polymers. II. Amorphous polymers. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.59:707-717.nSmith, S. M., E. S. Demessie, J. J. Morrell, K. Levien, and H. Ng. 1993a. Supercritical fluid (SCF) treatment: its effect on the bending strength of ponderosa pine sapwood. Wood Fiber Sci.25:119-123.nSmith, S. M., J. J. Morrell, E. S. Demessie E. S., and K. Levien. 1993b. Supercritical fluid treatment: Effects on bending strength of white spruce heartwood. Int. Res. Group on Wood Pres. Doc. No. IRG/WP/20008. Stockholm, Sweden. 6 pp.nTsunoda, K., and M. Muin. 2003. Preservative treatment of wood-based composites with a mixture formulation of IPBC-silafluofen using supercritical carbon dioxide as a carrier gas. Int. Res. Group on Wood Pres. Doc. No. IRG/WP/03-40251. Stockholm, Sweden. 8 pp.nU.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 1999. Wood handbook: Wood as an engineering material. General Technical Report FPL-GTR-113. USDA Forest Serv., Forest Prod. Lab, Madison, WI. 463 pp.nWalters, C. S. 1967. The effect of treating pressure on the mechanical properties of wood: I. Red Gum. Proc. Am. Wood Preserv. Assoc.63:166-186.nWalters, C. S., and W. W. H. Huang. 1971. The dimensional changes and solution absorption resulting from high-pressure treatment of Douglas-fir. Proc. Am. Wood Preserv. Assoc.67:98-120.nWalters, C. S., and J. A. Whittington. 1970. The effect of treating pressure on preservative absorption and on the mechanical properties of wood II. Douglas-fir. Proc. Am. Wood Preserv. Assoc.66:179-193.nWard, D. T. 1989. Supercritical fluid-aided deposition of methyl methacrylate into wood. M.S. thesis, Univ. of Southern Florida, Tampa, FL. 102 pp.nWilleitner, H., and R. J. Murphy. 1987. Washboard effect: A surface deformation of spruce resulting from vacuum-pressure impregnation with water-born preservatives. Int. Res. Group on Wood Pres. Doc. No. IRG/WP/3450. Stockholm, Sweden. P. 8.nYashiro, M., and K. Takahashi. 1996. The effects of high pressure on some mechanical and physical properties of wood. Progress in Biotech.13:485-490.nZhang, Yi. 1996. Molecular interaction between supercritical CO2 and polymers. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH. 206 pp.n

Downloads

Published

2007-06-05

Issue

Section

Research Contributions