Predicted and Actual Performance of Two Laboratory Stress-Grading Machines Employing Different Support Conditions
Keywords:
Machine stress-rating, grading machines, lumber, modulus of elasticity, low-point modulus of elasticityAbstract
Actual performance data were developed on two laboratory stress-grading machines differing only in support conditions for comparison with theoretical predictions from a finite element model developed previously. Performance was assessed on the basis of the ability of the grading machines to measure modulus of elasticity on lumber containing natural bow and one ideal defect (notch). Theory and observation were in good agreement in showing that performance of grading machines is dependent on support conditions, especially regarding their ability to identify zones of lower stiffness along the lumber. Practical implications of the results on future machine stress-rating procedures are discussed.References
Corder, S. E. 1965. Localized deflection related to bending strength of lumber. Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Nondestructive Testing of Wood. Spokane, WA. Pp. 461-473.nGlos, P., and H. Schutz. 1980. Stand und Aussickten der maschinellen Schmittholzsortierung. (The state and prospects of mechanical sawn timber grading.) Holz Roh- Werkst. 38(11):409-417.nGolyakov, A. D. 1977. On the influence of the moisture content of wood on the accuracy of the sorting of lumber for strength. Lesnoï Zhurnal (5):92-96. (In Russian.)nHilbrand, H. C., and D. G. Miller. 1966. Machine grading—Theory and practice. For. Prod. J. 16(11):28-34.nHouldsworth, M. F. 1979. The effect of dimensional tolerances on machines stress graded timber. Building Research Establishment Inf. Paper 16/79, Princes Risborough Lab., Princes Risborough, U.K.nHoyle, R. J. 1961. A nondestructive test for stiffness. For. Prod. J. 11(6):251-254.nHoyle, R. J. 1968. Background to machines stress grading. For. Prod. J. 18(4):87-97.nKass, A. J. 1975. Middle ordinate method measures stiffness variation within pieces of lumber. For. Prod. J. 25(3):33-41.nKorneev, V. I. 1980. Investigation of devices for grading lumber according to strength. Lesnoï Zhurnal 3:98-104. (In Russian.)nOgurtsov, V. V. 1982. The effect of variations of width and thickness of lumber on the reliability of mechanical strength grading. Lesnoï Zhurnal (2):95-99. (In Russian.)nOrosz, I. 1969. Modulus of elasticity and bending strength ratio as indicators of tensile strength of lumber. J. Mater. 4(4):842-864.nOrosz, I. 1976. Relationship between apparent modulus of elasticity, gage length and tensile strength of lumber. Wood Sci. Technol. 10:273-291.nSamson, M. 1985. Finite element model for predicting modulus of elasticity of lumber measured by stress-grading machines. Wood Fiber Sci. 17(4):490-503.nSimpson, W. T., and T. D. Germardt. 1984. Mechanism of crook development in lumber during drying. Wood Fiber Sci. 16(4):523-536.nThunell, B. 1969. On the premises of mechanical grading of timber. Paper and Timber 51(4):373-377.n
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:
1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.
2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.
3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.