Effect of Cement/Wood Ratios and Wood Storage Conditions on Hydration Temperature, Hydration Time, and Compressive Strength of Wood-Cement Mixtures

Authors

  • Andy W. C. Lee
  • Zhongli Hong
  • Douglas R. Phillips
  • Chung Y. Hse

Keywords:

Cement/wood ratio, air-dried and cold-stored wood, southern pine, white oak, southern red oak, yellow-poplar, sweetgum, hickory, hydration temperature, hydration time, compressive strength, Portland cement, calcium chloride, cylindrical compression sample

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of cement/wood ratios and wood storage conditions on hydration temperature, hydration time, and compressive strength of wood-cement mixtures made from six wood species: southern pine, white oak, southern red oak, yellow-poplar, sweetgum, and hickory. Cement/wood ratios varied from 13/1 to 4/1. Wood storage conditions consisted of air-dried and cold-stored wood. Results indicate that hydration temperature was drastically reduced, hydration time was prolonged, and compressive strength was reduced as cement/wood ratio was decreased. This effect was more pronounced for hardwood species and at lower cement/wood ratios. Cold storage of wood slightly increased hydration temperature and shortened hydration time of white oak and sweetgum but did not have any beneficial effect on the other four species. Results also indicate that mixtures with high cement/wood ratios used traditionally in laboratory for research purposes may not truly reflect the wood-cement compatibility at lower cement/wood ratios used in commercial production.

References

American Society of Testing and Materials. 1983. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, vol. 04.02. C39-83b.nBiblis, E. J., and C. F. Lo. 1968. Sugars and other wood extractives effect on the setting of southern pine-cement mixtures. Forest Prod. J. 18(8):28-34.nElmendorf Research Laboratories, Inc. of Palo Alto, California. 1954. U.S. Patent No. 2,697,677.nLee, A. W. C. 1984. Physical and mechanical properties of cement bonded southern pine excelsior board. Forest Prod. J. 34(4):30-34.nLee, A. W. C. 1985. Bending and thermal insulation properties of cement-bonded cypress excelsior board. Forest Prod. J. 35(11/12):57-58.nLee, A. W. C., and Z. Hong. 1986. Compressive strength of cylindrical sample as an indicator of wood-cement compatibility. Forest Prod. J. 36(11/12):87-90.nLiu, Z., and A. A. Moslemi. 1985. Influence of chemical additives on the hydration characteristics of western larch wood-cement-water mixtures. Forest Prod. J. 35(7/8):37-43.nMoslemi, A. A., J. F. Garcia, and A. D. Hofstrand. 1983. Effect of various treatments and additives on wood-Portland cement-water systems. Wood Fiber Sci. 15(2):164-176.nMoslemi, A. A., and Y. T. Lim. 1984. Compatibility of southern hardwoods with Portland cement. Forest Prod. J. 34(7/8):22-26.nWeatherwax, R. C., and H. Tarkow. 1964. Effect of wood on setting of Portland cement. Forest Prod. J. 14(12):567-570.nWeatherwax, R. C., and H. Tarkow. 1967. Effect of wood on the setting of Portland cement: Decayed wood as an inhibitor. Forest Prod. J. 17(7):30-32.n

Downloads

Published

2007-06-28

Issue

Number 3 / July 1987

Section

Research Contributions

License

The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:

1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.

2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.

3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.