Tension Wood Formation Following Release of Upland Oak Advance Reproduction

Authors

  • J. R. Hamilton
  • C. K. Thomas
  • K. L. Carvell

Keywords:

Red oak, white oak, tension wood, advance reproduction

Abstract

Stem straightening and tension wood formation in advance red oak and white oak reproduction were studied. Saplings straightened either as a result of a lateral branch assuming dominance or by a reorientation of the leaning stem. Tension wood fibers were greater on the upper side than on the lower side of straightening stems. The greatest concentrations of tension wood fibers were in or above the stem region in which straightening took place. Tension wood fiber formation began immediately following release and continued at an increasing rate for the period studied. The ratio of upper increment width to lower increment width was greater in the zone of maximum straightening and several years after straightening had begun.

References

Atkins, V., and M. Y. Pillow. 1950. Occurrence of gelatinous fibers and their effect upon properties of hardwood species. Proc. Forest Products Research Society, 254-264.nArganbright, D. G., and D. W. Bensend. 1968. Relationship of gelatinous fiber development to tree lean in soft maple. Wood Sci.1(1):37-40.nBerlyn, G. P. 1961. Factors affecting the incidence of reaction tissue in Populus deltoides.Iowa State J. Sci.35(3):367-424.nBerlyn, G. P., and J. P. Miksche. 1976. Botanical microtechnique and cytochemistry. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.nCano-Capri, J., and L. F. Burkhart. 1974. Distribution of gelatinous fibers as related to lean in southern red oak. Wood Sci.7(2):135-136.nCarvell, K. L. 1967. The response of understory oak seedlings to release after partial cutting. W. Va. Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 553. 20 pp.nDuff, G. H., and N. J. Nolan. 1953. Growth and morphogenesis in the Canadian forest species. Can. J. Bot.31:471-513.nIsebrands, J. G., and D. W. Bensend. 1972. Incidence and structure of gelatinous fibers within rapid-growing eastern cottonwood. Wood Fiber4(2):61-71.nKaeiser, M. 1955. Frequency and distribution of gelatinous fibers in eastern cottonwood. Amer. J. Bot.42(3):331-334.nTerrell, B. Z. 1952. Distribution of tension wood and its relation to longitudinal shrinkage in aspen. USDA For. Ser. Res. Paper, R1917. 6 pp.nTrimble, G. R. 1968. Form recovery by understory sugar maple under even-aged management. USDA For. Serv. Res. Note, NE-89. 8 pp.nWheeler, E. A., and R. J. Thomas. 1981. Ultrastructural characteristics of mature wood of southern red oak (Quercus falcata Michx.) and white oak (Quercus alba L.). Wood Fiber13(3):169-181.nWilliams, S. 1942. Secondary vascular tissues of oaks indigenous to the United States III. A comparative anatomical study of the wood of Leucobalanus and Erythrobalanus. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club69:115-129.n

Downloads

Published

2007-06-27

Issue

Section

Research Contributions