Chemical Variation In Lodgepole Pine With Sapwood/Heartwood, Stem Height, and Variety

Authors

  • Alton G. Campbell
  • Wae-Jung Kim
  • Peter Koch

Keywords:

Pinus contorta, latifolia, murrayana, chemical variation, heartwood, sapwood, stem height, ash, pH, extractives, lignin, holocellulose, alpha-cellulose

Abstract

The chemical variation in lodgepole pine over its geographical range with sapwood/heartwood, stem height, and variety was investigated. In both varieties, latifolia and murrayana, the heartwood was significantly higher in extractives than the sapwood, whereas the sapwood was significantly higher in holocellulose and alpha-cellulose than the heartwood. The sapwood and heartwood did not differ in pH and lignin content.

Ash, lignin, and holocellulose content were positively correlated with stem height in latifolia and murrayana. Extractive and alpha-cellulose content were negatively correlated with stem height. The stem height variations appeared to be related to the heartwood/sapwood ratio, proportion of mature and juvenile wood, and the specific gravity.

The variation between latifolia and murrayana in ash, extractive, and lignin content and pH was small. In contrast, the holocellulose and alpha-cellulose content was 2% higher in murrayana than in latifolia. The polysaccharide variation may be influenced by climate and site conditions as well as genetic differences.

References

American Society of Testing Materials. ASTM Standards D 2016-74, D 1102-56, D 1107-56, D 1106-56, and D 1103-60.nByrd, L., and E. L. Elwood. 1965. Wood characteristics and kraft paper properties of four selected loblolly pines. Forest Prod. J. 15(5):313-320.nClermont, L. P., and H. Schwarz. 1951. The chemical composition of Canadian wood. Pulp Paper Mag. Canada 52(13): 103-105.nForest Products Laboratory Methods. Madison, WI. Methods 67-033 and 67-018.nGoetzler, M. 1982. Final inter-committee report on toluene substitution for benzene in TAPPI analytical procedures. TAPPI 65(3): 149-150.nGray, R. 1958. pH in wood. J. Ind. Wood Sci. 1:58.nGuernsey, F., and J. Dobbie. 1966. Properties and utilization of lodgepole pine in western Canada. Department of Forestry Publication No. 1143.nKim, W.-J. 1988. Chemical characterization of lodgepole pine in North America for use as an industrial raw material. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID.nKim, W.-J., A. G. Campbell, and P. Koch. 1989. Chemical variation in lodgepole pine with latitude, elevation, and diameter class. Forest Prod. J. 39(3):7-12.nKoch, P. 1987. Gross characteristics of lodgepole pine trees in North America. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report INT-227.nKutscha, N., and I. Sachs. 1962. Color tests for differentiating heartwood and sapwood in certain softwood tree species. USDA Forest Service, Forest Product Laboratory Report No. 2246.nMaloney, T. M. 1982. Particle and fiber building products from residue raw material. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Exp. Sta. General Technical Report INT-132:171-179.nMcGovern, J. 1951. Pulping of lodgepole pine. USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory Report No. R1792.nMcMichael, M. 1982. Utilizing residue material in pulping. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Exp. Sta. General Technical Report INT-132:194-196.nMcmillin, C. 1970. Mineral content of loblolly pinewood as related to specific gravity, growth rate, and distance from pith. Holzforschung 24(5): 152-157.nMcNamara, W. S. 1970. pH measurement on northeastern wood. Wood Sci. 3(2):48-51.nMoslemi, A. A., F. Garcia, and A. D. Hofstrand. 1983. Effect of various treatments and additives on wood-Portland cement-water systems. Wood Fiber Sci. 15(2):164-176.nPeter, J., G. Lieu, R. Kelsey, and F. Shafizadeh. 1979. Some chemical characteristics of green and dead lodgepole pine and western white pine. USDA Forest Service Note INT-256.nRitter, J., and C. Fleack. 1926. Chemistry of wood, springwood and summerwood. Ind. Eng. Chem. 18(8):608-609.nSandermann, W. 1959. On the determination of pH value in timber and their practical importance. Holz Roh-Werkst. 17(8):433.nTechnical Association of The Pulp And Paper Industry. Standard T M-59.nUprichard, M. 1965. The alpha-cellulose content of wood by the chlorite procedure. APPITA 19(1):36-39.nZobel, J., and L. McElwee. 1958. Variation of cellulose in loblolly pine. TAPPI 41(4):167-170.nZobel, J., and R. Stonecypher. 1966. Variation and inheritance of cellulose in the southern pine. TAPPI 49(8):383-387.n

Downloads

Published

2007-06-22

Issue

Number 1 / January 1990

Section

Research Contributions

License

The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:

1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.

2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.

3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.