Material Damage Due to Electron Beam During Testing in the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM)

Authors

  • Girma Kifetew
  • Dick Sandberg

Keywords:

Constant load, damage, drying, electron beam, environmental scanning electron microscopy, pit, wetting

Abstract

This study describes the development of cell-wall damage, i.e., the creation of cracks across or in the vicinity of pits during the testing of twenty microtomed spruce (Picea abies karst.) samples in the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM). Samples were investigated both in an unloaded condition and under a constant tensile load and at different moisture levels. Regions of the moisturecycled samples that had been exposed to an electron beam during image acquisition showed damage running through pits and their surroundings. Specimens loaded in the green condition and dried in the chamber for 2 h without beam exposure except during imaging showed no noticeable cell-wall damage. The results indicate that the electron beam may be a major source of damage initiation. Therefore, it is essential to note the circumstances of the test when explaining the observations made in ESEM studies.

References

Côte, W. A., and R. B. Hanna. 1983. Ultrastructural characteristics of wood fracture surfaces. Wood Fiber Sci. 15(2): 135-163.nFeist, W. C., and D. N.-S. Hon. 1983. Chemistry of weathering and protection. Pages 401-451 in Roger Rowell, ed. The chemistry of solid wood. The 185th Meeting of the American Chemical Society. March 20-25, Seattle, WA.nHoffmeyer, P., and R. B. Hanna. 1989. Electron beam damage during testing of wood in SEM. Wood Sci. Technol. 23:211-214.nJenkins, L. M., and A. M. Donald. 1997. Use of the environmental scanning electron microscope for the observation of the swelling behaviour of cellulosic fiber. Scanning 19(2):92-97.nKifetew, G. 1996. Some aspects on the deformation behaviour of wood in relation to its structure. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden, TRITA-TRA R-96-19.nKifetew, G., F. Thuvander, L. Berglund, and H. Lindberg. 1997. The effect of drying on wood fracture surface from specimen loaded in wet condition. Wood Sci. Technol. 32:83-94.nKyanka, G. 1976. Fracture behavior of single fibers and paper sheets in the scanning electron microscope. Proc. 2nd Int. Cong, on Mech. Behavior of Materials. Pp. 1354-1357.nMott, L., S. M. Shaler, L. H. Groom, and B. H. Liang. 1995. The tensile testing of individual wood fibers using environmental scanning electron microscopy and video image analysis. TAPPI 78(5):143-148.nShaler, S. M., L. H. Groom, and L. Mott. 1996. Microscopic analysis of wood fibers using environmental scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Pages 25-32 in Proc. Woodfiber-Plastic Composites Symp. Forest Prod. Soc., Madison, WI.nTurkulin. H., and J. Sell. 1997. Structural and fractographic study on weathered wood. An application of FE ESM microscopy to the "Thin strip" method. EMPA Bericht 115/36. Dübendorf, Switzerland.nZink, A. G., P. J. Pellicane, and C. E. Shuler. 1994. Ultrastructural analysis of softwood fracture surfaces. Wood Sci. Technol. 28:329-338.n

Downloads

Published

2007-06-19

Issue

Section

Research Contributions