Ray Parenchyma Cell-Wall Ultrastructure and Formation in <i>Pinus Banksiana</i>

Authors

  • P. T. Mann

Keywords:

wood anatomy, ontogeny, electron microscopy

Abstract

Ray parenchyma cells in seedlings of Pinus banksiana formed an unlignified multilayered primary cell wall during cell expansion. Some cells expanded radially four or five times the size of the ray initial. Evidence indicated that cell-wall extension occurred along the entire cell wall. After cell expansion, a secondary cell wall was rarely formed. Consequently, the ray crossing pits were considered to be blind pits.

References

Bailey, I. W. 1909. The structure of the wood in the Pineae. Bot. Gaz. 48:47-55.nBailey, I. W., and A. F. Faull. 1934. The cambium and its derivitaive tissues. No. IX. Structural variability in the redwood, Sequoia sempervirens, and its significance in the identification of fossil woods. J. Arnold Arbor. 15:233-254.nBalatinecz, J. J., and R. W. Kennedy. 1967. Maturation of ray parenchyma cells in pine. For. Prod. J. 17(10):57-64.nBannan, M. W. 1934. Origin and cellular character of xylem rays in the gymnosperms. Bot. Gaz. 96:260-281.nCommittee on Nomenclature. 1964. Multilingual glossary of terms used in wood anatomy. International Association of Wood Anatomists. Zurich. 186 pp.nCôté, W. A., and A. C. Day. 1969. Wood ultra-structure of the southern yellow pines. Tech. Pub. No. 95. State University of New York College of Forestry, Syracuse. 70 pp.nCôté, W. A., Z. Koran, and A. C. Day. 1964. Replica techniques for electron microscopy of wood and paper. Tappi 47 (8):477-484.nCrocker, E. C. 1921. Significance of "lignin" color reactions. Ind. Eng. Chem. 13:625-627.nEsau, K. 1953. Plant anatomy. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. 735 pp.nEsau, K. 1960. Anatomy of seed plants. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 376 pp.nHarada, H. 1964. Further observations on the pit structure of wood. J. Jap. Wood Res. Soc. 10(6):221-225.nHayat, M. A. 1970. Principles and techniques of electron microscopy. v. 1: Biological applications. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York. 412 pp.nHoward, E. T., and F. G. Manwiller. 1969. Anatomical characteristics of southern pine stemwood. Wood Sci. 2(2):77-86.nKoran, Z. 1964. Ultrastructure of tyloses and a theory of their growth mechanism. Ph.D. Dissertation. New York State College of Forestry. Syracuse.nKrahmer, R. L., and W. A. Côté, Jr. 1963. Changes in coniferous wood cells associated with heartwood formation. Tappi 46(1):42-49.nLuft, J. H. 1956. Permanganate—A new fixative for electron microscopy. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 2:799-801.nMann, P. T. 1971. Rapid method for rough-trimming specimen blocks for electron microscopy. Int. Assoc. Wood Anat. Bull. No. 2:10-12.nMirov, N. T. 1967. The genus Pinus. Ronald Press Co., New York. 602 pp.nMollenhauer, H. H., and C. Totten. 1971. Studies on seeds. I. Fixation of seeds. J. Cell Biol. 48:387-394.nPanshin, A. J., C. de Zeeuw, and H. P. Brown. 1964. Textbook of wood technology. v. 1. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. 705 p.nPenhallow, D. P. 1907. North American gymnosperms. Ginn and Co., Boston. 374 pp.nRoelofsen, P. A., and A. L. Houwink. 1953. Acta Bot. Neerl. 2:218-225. Original not seen. (Pages 69-149 in P. A. Roclofsen, 1965. Ultrastructure of the wall in growing cells. In R. D. Preston, ed. Advances in botanical research, v. 2. Academic Press, N.Y.)nScott, J. A. N., A. R. Procter, B. J. Fergus, and D. A. I. Goring. 1969. The application of ultraviolet microscopy to the distribution of lignin in wood: Description and validity of the technique. Wood Sci. Technol. 3:73-92.nSpurr, A. R. 1969. A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 26:31-43.nThomas, R. J., and D. D. Nicholas. 1968. The ultrastructure of the pinoid pit in southern yellow pine. Tappi 51(2):84-88.nWardrop, A. B. 1957. The phase of lignification in the differentiation of wood fibers. Tappi 40:225-243.n

Downloads

Published

2007-06-05

Issue

Section

Research Contributions