Determination of Fibril Angle Distribution In Wood Fibers: A Comparison Between The X-Ray Diffraction and The Polarized Microscope Methods

Authors

  • Robert E. Prud'homme
  • Joseph Noah

Keywords:

<i>Picea mariana</i>, cellulose fibers, quantitative analysis, reflectance, orientation, polarization microscopy, X-ray diffraction, statistical distribution

Abstract

The fibril angle distribution of a black spruce sample was determined by the reflectance method on the polarized microscope. This was compared with the azimuthal distribution of intensity obtained from the (002), (101), and (101) planes of the X-ray pattern of the corresponding piece of wood. Obviously, the X-ray intensities do not give directly the fibril angle distribution function of the sample. However, using for example Cave's theory, one can predict the X-ray distribution of intensity from the fibril angle distribution function, or vice-versa, assuming that the sample is made of cylindrical fibers.

References

Bailey, I. W., and M. R. Vestal. 1937. The orientation of cellulose in the secondary wall of tracheary cells. J. Arnold Arbor. 18:185-195.nBerkley, E. E., and O. C. Woodyard. 1938. A new microphotometer for analyzing X-ray diffraction patterns of raw cotton fiber. Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed. 10:451-455.nCave, I. D. 1966. X-ray measurement of micro-fibril angle. For. Prod. J. 16(10):37-42 [with appendix, available separately from author].nCooper, S. L., A. J. McKinnon, and D. C. Prevorsek. 1968. Structure of twisted nylon 6 and poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers. Text Res. J. 38:803-810.nCowdrey, D. R., and R. D. Preston. 1966. Elasticity and microfibrillar angle in the wood of Sitka spruce. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 116(1004):245-272.nCreely, J. J., L. Segal, and H. M. Ziifle. 1956. Determination of the degree of crystallite orientation in cotton fibers by means of the recording X-ray diffraction spectrometer. Text. Res. J. 26:789-795.nCroshy, C. M., C. De Zeeuw, and R. Marton. 1972. Fibrillar angle variation in red pine determined by Senarmont compensation. Wood Sci. Technol. 6:185-195.nDeLuca, L. B., and R. S. Orr. 1961. Crystallite orientation and spiral structure of cotton. Part I. Native cottons. J. Polymer Sci. 54:457-470.nDesper, C. R. 1969. A computer-controlled X-ray diffractometer for texture studies of polycrystalline materials. Technical Report AMMRC TR-69-27, November.nDuckett, K. E., and V. W. Tripp. 1967. X-ray and optical orientation measurements on single cotton fibers. Text. Res. J. 37:517-524.nEl-Hosseiny, F., and D. H. Page. 1973. The measurement of fibril angle of wood fibers using polarized light. Wood Fiber 5(3):208-214.nEl-Osta, M., R. M. Kellogg, R. O. Foschi, and R. G. Butters. 1973. A direct X-ray technique for measuring microfibril angle. Wood Fiber 5(2):118-128.nGuha, S. R. D. 1961. High stretch paper from coconut coir. Indian Pulp Paper 15(12):747.nManwiller, F. G. 1966. Senarmont compensation for determining fibril angles of cell wall layers. For. Prod. J. 16(10):26.nMatano, C. 1936. On the intensity distribution on Debye rings due to various fiber structures, I-II. J. Soc. Chem. Ind. Japan 39:478-483.nMatano, C. 1937. On the intensity distribution on Debye rings due to various fiber structures, III. J. Soc. Chem. Ind. Japan 40: 358-360.nMeylan, B. A. 1967. Measurement of micro-fibril angle by X-ray diffraction. For. Prod. J. 17(5):51-58.nNomura, T., and T. Yamada. 1972. Structural observation on wood and bamboo by X-ray. Japan Wood Res. 52:1-12.nPage, D. H. 1969. A method for determining the fibrillar angle in wood tracheids. J. Microscopy 90, Pt2:137-143.nPage, D. H., F. El-Hosseiny, K. Winkler, and R. Bain. 1972. The mechanical properties of single wood-pulp fibers. Part I: A new approach. Pulp Paper Mag. Can. 73(8): T198-T203.nPreston, R. D. 1934. The organization of the cell wall of the conifer tracheid. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. B224:131.nPreston, R. D. 1952. The molecular architecture of plant cell walls, Chapman and Hall.nPrud'homme, R. E., N. V. Hien, J. Noah, and R. H. Marchessault. 1975. Determination of fiber orientation of cellulosic samples by X-ray diffraction. J. Appl. Polymer Sci. in press.nRadhakrishnan, T., and N. B. Patil. 1968. Azimuthal splitting of equatorial X-ray reflections from cotton. Text. Res. J. 38: 209-210.nRadhakrishnan, T., N. B. Patil., and N. E. Dweltz. 1969. Crystallite orientation in natural cellulose fibers. Text. Res. J. 39:1003-1014.nSisson, W. A. 1935. X-ray studies of crystallite orientation in cellulose fibers. Ind. Eng. Chem. 27:51-56.nSobue, N., N. Hirai, and I. Asano. 1971. Studies on structure of wood by X-ray. II. Estimation of the orientation of micells in cell wall. J. Japan Wood Res. Soc. 17(2): 44-50.nSpark, L. C., G. Darborough, and R. D. Preston. 1958. Structure and mechanical properties of vegetable fibres. II. A micro-extensometer for the automatic recording of load-extension curves for single fibrous cells. J. Text. Inst. 49:T309.nTamolang, F. N., F. F. Wangaard, and R. M. Kellogg. 1967. Strength and stiffness of hardwood fibers. Tappi 50(2):68.nWardrop, A. B., and R. D. Preston. 1947. Organization of the cell walls of tracheids and wood fibres. Nature 160:911.nWatson, A. J., and H. E. Dadswell. 1964. Influence of fibre morphology on paper properties. 4, Micellar spiral angle. Appita 17(6):151.n

Downloads

Published

2007-06-05

Issue

Number 4 / Winter 1975

Section

Research Contributions

License

The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:

1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.

2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.

3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.