Physical and Mechanical Properties of Red Pine (<i>Pinus Resinosa</i> AIT.) From Three Provenances
Keywords:
Red pine, Pinus resinosa, provenances, genetics, environmental, physical properties, mechanical properties, wood quality parametersAbstract
Physical and mechanical properties of 44-year-old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) trees from three different provenances, Oscoda, MI (USA); Kent, NB (Canada), and Manitoba, MA (Canada) grown in Allegan State Forest, Michigan were evaluated. One-way analysis of variance of the properties showed that the differences in the mean values of physical and strength parameters were not inherent to the provenances. The results indicate there is very low genetic diversity of red pine across the wide geographic range of the species.References
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2006a. Standard test method for small clear specimens of timber. D 143-94 (Reapproved in 2000). American Society for Testing and Materials. West Conshohocken, PA.nAmerican Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2006b. Standard practice for sampling forest trees for determination of clear wood properties. D 5536-94 (Reapproved in 2004). American Society for Testing and Materials. West Conshohocken, PA.nBowyer, J. L. 2002. Red pine utilization and markets. Pages 124-130 in D. W. Gilmore and L. S. Yount, eds. Proc. Red Pine SAF Region V. Conference. Staff Paper No. 157. College of Natural Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.nCrow, T. R. 2002. Pages 1-2 Introduction in D. W. Gilmore and L. S. Yount, eds. Proc. Red Pine SAF Region Staff Paper 157. College of Natural Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.nDeresse, T., and R. K. Shepards 2007. Wood properties of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.). CFRU Information Report 42 (Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station Miscellaneous Report 412). College of Natural Sciences, Forestry, and Agriculture, Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station, University of Maine, Orono, ME. 12 June 2007 http.//www.umaine.edu/mafes/elec_pubs/miscrepts/mr412.pdfnFowler, D. P. 1963. Effects of inbreeding in red pine Pinus resinosa Ait. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Yale University. New Haven, CT. 164 pp.nFowler, D. P., and D. T. Lester 1970. Genetics of red pine. United States Forest Service, Washington Office Research Paper WO-8.nFPL. 1999. Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-113. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Forest Service. Forest Product Laboratory, Madison, WI. 463 pp.nLarocque, G. R., and P. L. Marshall 1995. Wood relative density development in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands as affected by different initial spacings. Forest Sci. 41(4):709-728.nLester, D. T., and G. R. Barr 1965. Provenance and progeny tests in red pine. For. Sci. 11(3):327-340.nMosseler, A., K. N. Egger, and G. A. Hughes 1992. Low levels of genetic diversity in red pine confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Canadian J. For. Res. 22:1332-1337.nMSCO. 2007. Michigan State Climatologist's Office, Department of Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 http://climate.geo.msu.edu/stations/0128'>http://climate.geo.msu.edu/stations/0128nPaul, B. H. 1957. Growth and specific gravity responses in a thinned red pine plantation. J. Forestry 55(7):510-512.nPeterson, T. A. 1968. Variation in radial growth patterns and specific gravity of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.). Forest Prod. J. 18(11):63.nSchmidt, T. L. 2002. Highlights-Red pine in the northern Lake States. Pages 3-16 in D. W. Gilmore, and L. S. Yount, eds. Proc. Red Pine SAF Region V. Technical Conference. Paper No. 157. College of Natural Resources, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.nShepard, R. K., and J. E. Shottafer 1992. Specific gravity and mechanical property—age relationships in red pine. Forest Prod. J. 42(7/8):60-66.nSYSTAT. 2004. SigmaStat ver 3.11 statistical analysis software. Systat Software, Inc., San Jose, CA (USA).nWalter, R., and B. K. Epperson 2001. Geographic pattern of genetic variation in Pinus resinosa: area of greatest diversity is not the origin of postglacial populations. Molecular Ecology 10:103-111.nWalter, R., and B. K. Epperson 2005. Geographic pattern of genetic diversity in Pinus resinosa: contact zone between descendants of glacial refugia. American J. Botany. 92(1):92-100.nWright, J. W., R. A. Read, D. T. Lester, C. Merritt, and C. Mohn 1972. Geographic variation in red pine: 11-year data from the North Central states. Silvae Genetica 21:205-222.nZhu, J. Y., C. T. Scott, K. L. Scallon, and G. C. Myers 2007. Effects of plantation density on wood density and anatomical properties of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.). Wood Fiber Sci. 39(3):502-512.nZobel, B. J., and J. Talbert 1984. Applied forest tree improvement. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 505 pp.n
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:
1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.
2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.
3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.