The Association Between Ring Shake, Wetwood, and Fir Engraver Beetle Attack in White Fir
Keywords:
Ring shake, fir engraver beetle, wetwood, bacteriaAbstract
Wetwood and a characteristic type of ring shake were found associated with fir engraver beetle scars in discs of white fir. The shakes occurred only in highly discolored areas of wetwood to the pith side of scars and/or traumatic tissue, and were predominantly middle lamella failures that went through the later-formed earlywood of a growth increment. No evidence could be found from either anatomical observations or tension-perpendicular-to-grain tests to support the hypothesis that scar-associated shake might go through bands of traumatic resin canals. It is concluded that the action of microorganisms, most likely wetwood bacteria, was the major factor leading to ring shake. The bacteria are thought to be responsible for the weakening of the middle lamella between cells.References
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