Isolation and Characterization of Hot Water-Soluble Lipophilic Extractives From Wheat Straw. Part II. Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization

Authors

  • RunCang Sun
  • Dick Salisbury
  • Jeremy Tomkinson

Keywords:

Wheat straw, lipophilic extractives, FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, thermal stability

Abstract

The chemical composition of the six extractives, isolated with hot water at 80-95°C for 0.5 h at pH 6.0-8.0 from wheat straw, consists mainly of free fatty acids, waxes, sterols, triglycerides, and sterol esters, together with minor amounts of diglycerides, resin acid, and phenolic compounds. In this continuing study, the six lipophilic extractives were further investigated by Fourier transform infrared, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance as well as thermal analysis, and the results are reported.

References

Ajuong, E. M. A., and M. C. Breese. 1998. Fourier transform infrared characterization of Pai wood (Afzelia africana smith) extractives. Holz Roh- Werkst.56:139-142.nBlanco, M. J., and G. Almendros. 1994. Maturity assessment of wheat straw composts by thermogravimetric analysis. J. Agric. Food Chem.42:2454-2459.nEkman, R., and B. Holmbom. 1989. Analysis by gas chromatography of the wood extractives in pulp and water samples from mechanical pulping of spruce. Nordic Pulp Pap. Res. J.1:16-24.nGonzalez-Vila, F. J., A. Gutirrez, F. Martin, and T. Verdejo. 1997. Application of analytical pyrolysis to the characterization of Eucalyptus extractives and pitch deposits from a pulp mill. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 40-41:501-510.nGunstone, F. D. 1993. High-resolution 13C NMR spectra of long-chain acids, methyl esters, glycerol esters, wax esters, nitriles, amides, alcohols, and acetates. Chem. Phys. Lipids66:189-193.nMan, Y. B. C., and G. Setiowaty. 1999. Application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine free fatty acid contents in palm olein. Food Chemistry66:109-114.nMedina, I., R. Sacchi, and S. Aubourg. 1994. 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance monitoring of free fatty acid release after thermal processing. JAOCS71:479-482.nMusser, B. J., and P. K. Kilpatrick. 1998. Molecular characterization of wax isolated from a variety of crude oils. Energy & Fuels12:715-725.nOrsa, F., and B. Holmbom. 1994. A convenient method for the determination of wood extractives in papermaking process waters and effluents. J. Pulp Pap. Sci.20: J361-J366.nOrsa, F., B. Holmbom., J. Thornton, and R. Ekman. 1993. Dissolution and dispersion of spruce wood components into water. Pages 383-388, vol. 3 in Proc. Seventh International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Beijing, P. R. China.nRichardson, D. E., J. B. Bremner, and O. Grady. 1992. Quantitative analysis of total resin acids by high-performance liquid chromatography of their coumarin ester derivatives. J. Chromatogr.595:155-159.nSandstrom, M., M. A. Norborg, and A. Ericsson. 1996. Application of thin-layer chromatography to process control in the pulp and paper field. J. Chromatogr. A730:373-377.nSevertson, S. J., M. J. Coffey, and M. J. Nowak. 1999. Wax dispersion during recycling of old corrugated containers. Tappi J.82:67-74.nSithole, B. B. 1992. Modern methods for the analysis of extractives from wood and pulp: A review. Appita45:260-264.nSjöstrom, J., and B. Holmbom. 1987. Size-exclusion chromatography of deposits in pulp and paper mills. J. Chromatogr.411:363-367.nSuckling, I. D., and R. M. Ede. 1990. A quantitative 13C nuclear magnetic resonance method for the analysis of wood extractives and pitch samples. Appita43:77-80.nSun, R. C., J. M. Lawther, and W. B. Banks. 1995. Influence of alkaline pre-treatment on the cell wall components of wheat straw. Ind. Crops Prod.4:127-145.nSun, R. C., J. Tomkinson, P. L. Ma, and S. F. Liang. 2000. Comparative study of hemicelluloses from rice straw by alkali and hydrogen peroxide treatments. Carbohydr. Polym.42:111-121.nSun, R. C., D. Salisbury, and J. Tomkinson. 2003. Chemical composition of lipophilic extractives released during the hot water treatment of wheat straw. Bioresource Technol.88:95-101.nWallis, A. F. A., and R. H. Wearne. 1997. Characterization of resin in radiata pine woods, bisulfite pulps and mill pith samples. Appita50:409-414.n

Downloads

Published

2007-06-05

Issue

Number 3 / July 2003

Section

Research Contributions

License

The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:

1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.

2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.

3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.