Surface Activation Treatment of Wood and Its Effect on the Gel Time of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin

Authors

  • Douglas J. Gardner
  • Thomas J. Elder

Keywords:

Gel time, phenol-formaldehyde resin, surface activation, southern pine, red maple, red oak, sweetgum

Abstract

Surface activation treatment of wood using hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, and sodium hydroxide was examined to assess its effect on the gel time of phenol-formaldehyde resin. Four wood species comprising both hardwoods and softwoods, two treatment levels, and two treatment conditions (activation and activation followed by drying) were examined in the study. The effect of surface activation on the gel time of phenol-formaldehyde resin varies for a particular surface activator according to treatment level and treatment condition. Surface activated treated wood decreases the gel time of phenol-formaldehyde resin with hydrogen peroxide treatment having the greatest effect followed by nitric acid and sodium hydroxide treatments.

References

Albritton, R. O., and P. H. Short. 1979. Effects of extractives from pressure-refined hardwood fiber on the gel time of urea-formaldehyde resin. Forest Prod. J. 29(2):40-41.nChapman, K. M., and D. J. Jenkin. 1986. Hydrogen peroxide as a resin cure accelerator. J. Adhesion 19:137-151.nJohns, W. E., and K. A. Niazi. 1980. Effect of pH and buffering capacity of wood on the gelation time of urea-formaldehyde resin. Wood Fiber 12(4):255-263.nJohns, W. E., H. D. Layton, T. Nguyen, and J. K. Woo. 1978. The non-conventional bonding of white fir flakeboard using nitric acid. Holzforschung 32(5): 162-166.nMaloney, T. M. 1970. Resin distribution in layered particleboard. Forest Prod. J. 20(1):43-52.nMoslemi, A. A. 1974. Particleboard, vol. I. Materials. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, IL.nNguyen, T., E. Zavarin, and E. M. Barrall, II. 1980. Differential scanning calorimetry of hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen peroxide-treated lignocellulose. I. Ambient pressure conditions. Thermochim. Acta 41:107-116.nPhilippou, J. L., E. Zavarin, W. E. Johns, and T. Nguyen. 1982. Bonding of particleboard using hydrogen peroxide, lignosulfonates, and furfuryl alcohol: Effects of chemical composition of bonding materials. Forest Prod. J. 32(5):55-61.nRammon, R. M., S. S. Kelley, R. A. Young, and R. H. Gillespie. 1982. Bond formation by wood surface reactions. Part II. Chemical mechanisms of nitric acid activation. J. Adhesion 14:257-282.nSlay, J. R., P. H. Short, and D. C. Wright. 1980. Catalytic effects of extractives from pressure-refined fiber on the gel time of urea-formaldehyde resin. Forest Prod. J. 30(3):22-23.nStamm, A. J. 1964. Wood and cellulose science. Ronald Press, New York.nSubramanian, R. V., W. M. Balaba, and K. N. Somasekharan. 1982. Surface modification of wood using nitric acid. J. Adhesion 14:295-304.nSubramanian, R. V., K. N. Somasekharan, and W. E. Johns. 1983. Acidity of wood. Holzforschung 37:117-120.nSunshine Instruments. 1986. Sunshine Catalog 22A and 22 ATC. Sunshine Instruments, Philadelphia, PA.nYoung, R. A., M. Fujita, and B. H. River. 1985. New approaches to bonding: A base-activated lignin adhesive system. Wood Sci. Technol. 19:363-381.nZavarin, E. 1984. Activation of wood surface and non-conventional bonding. In R. M. Rowell, ed. The chemistry of solid wood. A.C.S. Advances in Chemistry Series No. 207. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.n

Downloads

Published

2007-06-22

Issue

Section

Research Contributions