Fungal Resistance of Loblolly Pine Reacted with Para-Toluene Sulfonyl Chloride or Isocyanate
Keywords:
Para-toluene sulfonyl chloride, para-toluene sulfonyl isocyanate, modified wood, fungal resistance, Gloeophyllum trabeum, loblolly pineAbstract
Loblolly pine sapwood reacted with para-toluene sulfonyl chloride or isocyanate to form bonded toluene sulfonate or toluene sulfonyl carbamate in situ resisted attack by the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum. Wood reacted with para-toluene sulfonyl chloride to 9.1% chemical weight gain (59 mmol/100g wood) and para-toluene sulfonyl isocyanate to 7.5% chemical weight gain (56 mmol/100 g wood) had 3.8 and 2.7% weight losses, respectively, in a standard 12-week soil-block fungal decay test. The tosylated wood lost 23% of the tosyl group in the decay test, whereas the wood modified with tosyl carbamate lost 8.4% of the tosyl carbamoyl group. The greater leach resistance of wood reacted with para-toluene sulfonyl isocyanate may indicate that the stability of the bond between fungicidal groups and wood plays a more important role than the hydrophobicity of fungicidal groups in the permanence of the fungicidal groups in modified wood.References
Anderson, D. M. 1979. Organotin preservatives for wood structures. Rep. No. DNTSRDC/SME-78141. David W. Taylor Naval Ship Res. and Develop. Center, Bethesda, MD.nASTM. 1990. Standard method of testing wood preservatives by laboratory soil-block cultures. D 1413-86. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.nCassens, D. L., and W. E. Eslyn. 1981. Fungicides to prevent sapstain and mold on hardwood lumber. Forest Products J. 31(9):39-42.nChen, G. C. Fungal resistance of loblolly pine reacted with methyl or phenyl isothiocyanate (submitted to Holzforschung).nChen, G. C., R. M. Rowell, and W. D. Ellis. 1990. Fungal resistance of southern pine impregnated with methyl fluorophenyl carbamates or reacted with fluorophenyl isocyanates. Wood Fiber Sci. 22(2):165-172.nConley, R. T. 1970. Infrared spectroscopy. Allyn and Bacon Inc., Boston, MA. Pp. 102-110.nEllis, W. D., and R. M. Rowell. 1984. Reaction of isocyanates with southern pine wood to improve dimensional stability and decay resistance. Wood Fiber Sci. 16(3):349-356.nGoldstein, I. S., E. B. Jeroski, A. E. Lund, J. F. Nielson, and J. M. Weater. 1961. Acetylation of wood in lumber thickness. Forest Prod. J. 11:363-370.nImamura, Y., and K. Nishimoto. 1986. Resistance of acetylated wood to attack by subterranean termites. 2nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Technol. Assoc. Wood, Res. No. 72:37-44.nJohnson, B. R., and R. M. Rowell. 1989. Resistance of chemically modified wood to marine borers. Material Und Organismen 23(2):147-156.nMarchessault, R. H. 1962. Application of infrared spectroscopy to cellulose and wood polysaccharides. Pure Appl. Chem. 5:107-129.nMarchessault, R. H., and C. Y. Liang. 1962. The infrared spectra of crystalline polysaccharides. XIII. Xylan. Polm. Sci. 59:357-378.nNoren, G. K., M. F. Clifton, and A. H. Migdal. 1986. Investigation of microencapsulated fungicides for use in exterior trade sales paints. J. Coatings Technol. 58(734):31-39.nPhil, L. O., and I. Olsson. 1968. Treating wood and wood fiber material. British Patent 1,101,777.nPittman, C. U., Jr., and K. R. Lawyer. 1982. Preliminary evaluations of the biological activity of polymers with chemically bound biocides. J. Coatings Technol. 54(690):41-46.nPittman, C. U., G. A. Stah, and H. Winters. 1978. Synthesis and mildew resistance of vinyl acetate and ethyl acrylate films containing chemically anchored fungicides. J. Coatings Technol. 50(636):49-56.nPopov, V. I., A. A. Kolomiitsev, and T. I. Cherepenko. 1980. Synthesis and fungicidal activity of a series of aryl perfluoroalkyl sulfide and sulfones. Fiziol. Akt. Veshchestva. 12:36-39.nRowell, R. M. 1975. Chemical modification of wood: Advantages and disadvantages. Proc. Am. Wood-Preservers' Assoc., April 28-30, 1975. San Francisco, CA.nRowell, R. M. 1977. Nonconventional wood preservation methods. Pages 47-56 in I. S. Goldstein, ed. American Chemical Society Symposium Series No. 43, Chpt. 4. Washington, DC.nRowell, R. M. 1982. Wood preservation and stabilization by chemical modification of the wood substances. Pages 32-49 in Chemical aspects of wood technology. Swedish Forest Products Laboratory. Stockholm. STFI Series A, No. 772.nRowell, R. M. 1983a. Chemical modification of wood: A review. 6(12):363-382. Commonwealth Forestry Bureau, Oxford, England.nRowell, R. M. 1983b. Bioactive polymer-wood composites. Pages 345-357 in T. J. Rosemann and S. Z. Mansdorf, eds. Controlled release delivery systems. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York and Basel.nRowell, R. M. 1984. Bonding of toxic chemicals to wood. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 9:447-453.nRowell, R. M., and D. I. Gutzmer. 1975. Chemical modification of wood: Reactions of alkylene oxides with southern yellow pine. Wood Sci. 7(3):240-246.nRowell, R. M., S. V. Hart, and G. R. Esenther. 1979. Resistance of alkylene-oxide modified southern pine to attack by subterranean termites. Wood Sci. 11(4):271-274.nSocrates, G. 1980. Infrared characteristic group frequencies. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Pp. 114-117.nStamm, A. J., and R. H. Baechler. 1960. Decay resistance and dimensional stability of five modified woods. Forest Prod. J. 10(1):22-26.nSubramanian, R. V., J. A. Mendoza, and B. K. Garg. 1978. Application of organotin polymers to wood preservation. Proc. 5th International Symposium on Controlled Release of Bioactive Materials. 6.8-6.24. Aug. 14-16, 1978. Gaithersburg, MD.nTarkow, H., A. J. Stamm, and E. C. O. Erickson. 1950. Acetylated wood. USDA Forest Service, FPL Report No. 1593, Madison, WI.n
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:
1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.
2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.
3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
