2024-03-28T09:00:23Z
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/oai
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/1
2015-03-27T23:02:57Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/1
2015-03-27T23:02:57Z
S
Number 4 / October 1996; 391-405
Basic Density in Norway Spruce, Part III. Development From Pith Outwards
Lindström, Håkan
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/1
Array
A change in forest management using intensive silviculture is gradually transforming the conifer raw material base of the Swedish forest industry. As the end-use properties of forest products greatly depend on wood characteristics, such as tracheid length, tracheid diameter, microfibril angle, and basic density, there is increasing concern to foresee how silvicultural regulation of growth conditions alters wood properties.In this study, a fertilization trial near Strasan, central Sweden, six net parcels of Norway spruce (Picea abies), planted in 1957 and clear-felled in the winter of 1989/1990, were used to evaluate the influence of varying growth conditions on basic density. Growth rate of each parcel had been regulated by annual dressings of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrients.The basic density, kg/m3, of individual growth rings at breast height, from pith outwards, using suppressed, intermediate, and dominant trees sampled from each parcel, was evaluated in different modeling approaches. In a modeling attempt based on growth conditions, site quality, initial stand density, thinning, tree class, climate, and cambial age were, separately or in interaction, found significant for basic density development with r2 = 0.46-0.63. These results suggest that crown development at stand and tree level over time will affect basic density.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/2
2015-03-02T23:51:40Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/2
2015-03-02T23:51:40Z
S
Number 4 / October 2006; 576-591
Numerical Simulations of Transverse Compression and Densification in Wood
Nairn, John A.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/2
Array
Numerical modeling, such as finite element analysis (FEA), of complex structures and complex materials is a useful tool for stress analysis and for failure modeling. Although FEA of wood as an anisotropic continuum is used, numerical modeling of realistic wood structures, including details of wood anatomy and variations in structure within specimens, has been beyond the capabilities of FEA and other methods. In contrast, the recently derived material point method (MPM) has features that make it amenable to analysis of realistic wood structures. To demonstrate the capabilities of MPM, simulations were done for wood in transverse compression. Some advantages of MPM are that it is easy to discretize micrographs of wood specimens into a numerical model, it can handle large deformations, it can model elastic-plastic cell-wall properties, and it automatically accounts for contact between cell walls. MPM simulations were run for softwood and hardwood loaded in either radial or tangential compression. The simulations reproduced many features of wood compression, gave insight into effects of wood anatomy on compression, and may be the first numerical calculations of realistic wood structures extended through to full densification without numerical difficulties.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/3
2015-03-03T17:17:09Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/3
2015-03-03T17:17:09Z
S
Number 4 / October 2000; 520-526
Reducing Moisture Swell of Densified Wood With Polycarboxylic Acid Resin
Peyer, Suzanne M.
Wolcott, Michael P.
Fenoglio, David J.
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/3
Array
A water-soluble polycarboxylic acid (PCA) resin was assessed for ability to limit moisture swelling of densified wood. Aspen flakes were treated in 0 (control), 1, 5, 10, and 20% PCA resin solutions and drained for 1, 10, and 20-min time periods. Following treatments, flakes were compressed to roughly 50% strain at 170°C. The PCA content of flakes significantly increased with increasing concentration and drain time. Water absorption and thickness swell of flakes decreased with increasing PCA content. Both water absorption and thickness swell of untreated flakes were over 100%; but for PCA-treated flakes, water absorption and thickness swell as low as 45% and 16%, respectively, were achieved. Irreversible thickness swell decreased with increasing PCA content, while reversible thickness swell remained relatively constant. The swelling coefficient decreased with increasing PCA content, a behavior that often is associated with bulking agents for treated, uncompressed wood. However, dynamic mechanical analysis further suggested that PCA resin acts as a cross-linking agent to stabilize the position of the collapsed cell walls.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/4
2015-03-28T18:20:37Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/4
2015-03-28T18:20:37Z
S
Number 4 / October 1983; 289-289
An Editorial Policy Statement for <i>Wood and Fiber Science?</i>
Nelson, Donald E.
2007-06-27
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/4
Array
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/5
2015-03-27T23:07:55Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/5
2015-03-27T23:07:55Z
S
Number 3 / July 1991; 363-375
Effect of Wood Particle Size on Fungal Growth in a Model Biomechanical Pulping Process
Sachs, Irving B.
Blanchette, Robert A.
Cease, Kory R.
Leatham, Gary F.
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/5
Array
The pretreatment of aspen wood chips with white-rot fungus has been evaluated as a way of making biomechanical pulp. Our study addressed (1) whether wood particle size (chip size) affects the growth pattern of the attacking organism, and (2) whether the difference in particle size between chips and coarse pulp is related to the availability of wood polymers to the fungus. We qualitatively evaluated the growth of Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 on aspen wood using standard industrial 6- and 19-mm chips and coarse refiner mechanical pulp. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a slight increase in the number of hyphae in the 19-mm chips compared to that in the 6-mm chips, but no major morphological differences in cellulose or lignin loss. Dense aerial hyphal growth occurred around the chips, but not around the coarse pulp. The fungus appeared to attack the coarse pulp from both outside and within the fiber wall. Hyphae within both the middle lamella and the cell lumina attacked the cell walls. The fungus eroded the chip cell walls and their constituents primarily from the wood cell lumen outward. After only 3 weeks of fungal treatment, both chips and coarse pulp showed marked localized cell-wall thinning and fragmentation as well as generalized swelling and relaxing of the normally rigid cell-wall structure. We conclude that particle size has only a minor effect on fungal growth on wood under conditions such as those likely to be used in a commercial biopulping process.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/6
2015-03-28T18:23:32Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/6
2015-03-28T18:23:32Z
S
Number 3 / Fall 1980; 143-143
On the Importance of Perspective
Young, Harold E.
2007-06-27
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/6
Array
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/7
2016-09-26T19:25:39Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/7
2016-09-26T19:25:39Z
S
Number 1 / January 2010; 107-116
Feasibility of Using Mountain Pine Beetle-Attacked Wood to Produce Wood-Plastic Composites: Preliminary Work
Chang, Feng-Cheng
Lam, Frank
2010-01-18
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/7
Array
This study investigates the feasibility of using mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins)-killed lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm) to manufacture wood- plastic composites (WPCs). Preliminary formulations of various flour sizes (20, 40, 60, and 80 mesh), wood contents (40, 50, and 60%), and corresponding contents of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) without additives were used to make strip-like specimens. Extrusion and injection molding were performed to fabricate specimens for investigation of mechanical properties. A simple tensile experiment was conducted to select an appropriate formulation. The injection-molded MPB-wood-HDPE composites resulted in properties that were comparable with a commercial product and other similar studies. MPB wood showed great potential to be a raw material of WPC products.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/8
2015-03-28T18:22:36Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/8
2015-03-28T18:22:36Z
S
Number 3 / July 1981; 166-168
An Anatomical Method for Differentiating Woods of Western and Mountain Hemlock A Research Note
Kellogg, R. M.
Rowe, S.
2007-06-27
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/8
Array
The presence of styloid crystals in ghost cells or tracheary cells marginal to the rays in the last-formed latewood of mountain hemlock [Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.] has proved to be a means of separating the wood of this species from that of western hemlock [T. heterophylla (Raf.) Sang.].
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/9
2015-03-02T23:55:27Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/9
2015-03-02T23:55:27Z
S
Number 2 / April 2003; 301-307
Effect of Tree Species on the Devolatilization of Oven-Dry Wood
Walawender, Walter P.
Suazo, Teresa K.
Geyer, Wayne A.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/9
Array
This study investigates the devolatilization of oven-dry wood chips from the branches and stems of six hardwood and two softwood tree species. Six hardwood species, covering a wide range of wood specific gravity were examined: cottonwood, Kentucky coffeetree, red oak, honey locust, black locust, and Osage-orange. The softwood species were ponderosa pine and eastern red cedar. Devolatilization curves (histories) along with the time for complete devolatilization (terminal time) and the corresponding terminal char yield were obtained from experiments with each tree species in a tubular furnace at 800°C. Graphical relationships were established between the terminal char yield and the ash content, and the terminal char yield and the wood specific gravity.The results reveal that the terminal time and the terminal char yield are affected by tree species. An increasing trend between terminal char yield and wood specific gravity was roughly approximated.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/10
2015-03-27T23:07:13Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/10
2015-03-27T23:07:13Z
S
Number 2 / April 1992; 161-167
Fungal Resistance of Loblolly Pine Reacted with Para-Toluene Sulfonyl Chloride or Isocyanate
Chen, George C.
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/10
Array
Loblolly pine sapwood reacted with para-toluene sulfonyl chloride or isocyanate to form bonded toluene sulfonate or toluene sulfonyl carbamate in situ resisted attack by the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum. Wood reacted with para-toluene sulfonyl chloride to 9.1% chemical weight gain (59 mmol/100g wood) and para-toluene sulfonyl isocyanate to 7.5% chemical weight gain (56 mmol/100 g wood) had 3.8 and 2.7% weight losses, respectively, in a standard 12-week soil-block fungal decay test. The tosylated wood lost 23% of the tosyl group in the decay test, whereas the wood modified with tosyl carbamate lost 8.4% of the tosyl carbamoyl group. The greater leach resistance of wood reacted with para-toluene sulfonyl isocyanate may indicate that the stability of the bond between fungicidal groups and wood plays a more important role than the hydrophobicity of fungicidal groups in the permanence of the fungicidal groups in modified wood.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/11
2019-05-16T23:08:07Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/11
2019-05-16T23:08:07Z
S
Number 4 / October 2013; 396-404
Microscopic Study of Waterlogged Archeological Wood Found in Southwestern China and Method of Conservation Treatment
Qiu, Jian
Min, Rui
Kuo, Monlin
2013-10-18
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/11
Array
Thousands of waterlogged wood pillars beneath crop fields were discovered during the 2008 excavation of an archeological site in southwestern China. Specimens were studied with scanning and transmission electron microscopes, and 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm x 5-cm specimens were dehydrated with methanol followed by treatment with neutral phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin. The wood, identified as Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis, was severely degraded by bacterial surface erosion and tunneling of cell walls. Bacterial tunneling was more frequently observed near the cell corners with thick walls. Bacterial degradation of cell walls was accompanied by accumulation of degradation products and bacterial slime in cell lumens. Neither brown-rot nor soft-rot decay was detected in the wood. The wood samples gradually darkened after sampling, but removal of degradation products with methanol and a brief 2% oxalic acid treatment reversed the discoloration. The average specific gravity and crushing strength of the waterlogged wood were 0.25 and 7.1 MPa compared with 0.37 and 33.7 MPa of normal wood of the same species. Treatment of the waterlogged wood with neutral PF resin increased specific gravity to 0.44 and crushing strength to 12.8 MPa. The PF treatment minimized shrinkage and stabilized wood color of the waterlogged wood.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/12
2015-03-02T23:55:39Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/12
2015-03-02T23:55:39Z
S
Number 1 / January 2003; 1-1
New Tricks for Old "Dawgs"
Barnes, H. Michael
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/12
Array
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/13
2015-03-28T18:19:21Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/13
2015-03-28T18:19:21Z
S
Number 2 / April 1985; 199-208
The Application of Molecular Orbital Calculations to Wood Chemistry. II. The Protonation of Beta-Methyl Glucopyranoside
Elder, T. J.
Worley, S. D.
2007-06-27
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/13
Array
The protonation step in the acid hydrolysis reaction of beta-methyl glucopyranoside was studied by molecular orbital techniques. The semi-empirical, self-consistent fields method of modified neglect of diatomic overlap (MNDO) was used to calculate energetic and electronic information in an attempt to determine the site of initial protonation.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/14
2015-03-02T23:52:23Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/14
2015-03-02T23:52:23Z
S
Number 1 / January 2006; 155-165
Hygro-Mechanical Behavior of Red Spruce in Tension Parallel to the Grain
Muszyñski, Lech
Lagana, Rastislav
Shaler, Stephen M.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/14
Array
The principal objective of the project was to provide a reliable testing protocol for determination of the material-level (e.g. local and decoupled from the artifacts of the test protocol) mechano-sorptive properties of wood in the longitudinal direction that could be used for modeling of the long-term structural response of wood and wood composite elements. The method also involves determination of the hygro-mechanical characteristics of free shrinkage and swelling and short-term viscoelastic characteristics from reference tests performed on matched specimens. Tensile creep tests in the longitudinal direction at varying climate conditions were performed on small (1-mm x 25-mm x 300-mm) clear specimens of red spruce (Picea rubra). All tests were conducted in a temperature-controlled environment. Optical deformation measurement techniques were used. Strains were calculated by comparing successive digital images using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) principles. The mechano-sorptive component of total strains measured on the loaded specimens was separated by: 1) subtracting free shrinkage/swelling measured on matched reference specimens; and 2) subtraction of the magnitude of viscoelastic creep measured separately on matched specimens at constant MC (in 'dry' and 'wet' conditions). The results confirmed earlier findings reported in the literature by other researchers that the effect of cumulative moisture content change on mechano-sorptive compliance is not linear. However, no fundamentally different governing mechanisms during the first and consecutive moisture cycles were observed. The effects of applied stress level and initial moisture content on the mechano-sorptive response of wood in tension were found insignificant at the 95% confidence level. The experimentally determined mechano-sorptive compliances were expressed in terms of generalized rheological model equations with cumulative moisture content change (rather than time) as the independent variable. Based on these findings, a minimal testing protocol was proposed for routine determination of hygro-mechanical characteristics for other structurally important species.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/15
2015-03-02T23:51:55Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/15
2015-03-02T23:51:55Z
S
Number 3 / July 2006; 520-526
Effect of Density and Polymer Content on the Hygroscopic Thickness Swelling Rate of Compression Molded Wood Fiber/Polymer Composites
Shi, Sheldon Q.
Gardner, Douglas J.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/15
Array
The effects of polymer content and board density on the hygroscopic thickness swelling rate of compression-molded wood fiber/polymer composites were investigated in this study. A swelling model developed by Shi and Gardner (2005) was used to study the thickness swelling process of wood fiber/polymer composites exposed to water vapor conditions in which a parameter, KSR, was used for the comparison of the swelling rates. The polymer materials used to process the wood fiber/polymer composites were from a reclaimed automobile plastic mixture, also called polymer fluff. Polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) resin was used as a binder. Six polymer contents (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 100%) and four target specific gravities (0.55, 0.75, 0.90, and 1.00) were evaluated in the experiments using the swelling model. It was shown that the swelling model successfully fit the empirical swelling rate data as impacted by different board densities and polymer contents. Board density has a significant effect on the swelling rate of the composites. The swelling rate increased linearly as board density decreased. The effect of polymer content on the swelling rate depends partially on board density. Polymer content did not show a significant effect on swelling rate at an oven-dry density of 900 kg/m3. It was also confirmed from this study that the accuracy of the swelling model prediction is a function of the magnitude of the swelling rate parameter. The lower the thickness swelling rate of the composites, the more accurate the prediction obtained from the swelling model.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/16
2015-03-03T00:00:24Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/16
2015-03-03T00:00:24Z
S
Number 2 / April 2001; 233-238
Temperature Dependence of the Dielectric Properties of Rubber Wood
Kabir, Mohammed Firoz
Daud, Wan M.
Khalid, Kaida B.
Sidek, Haji A.A.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/16
Array
The effect of temperature on the dielectric properties of rubber wood were investigated in three anisotropic directions-longitudinal, radial, and tangential, and at different measurement frequencies. Low frequency measurements were conducted with a dielectric spectrometer, and high frequencies used microwave applied with open-ended coaxial probe sensors. Dielectric constants and dielectric loss factors were measured at temperatures from 25 to 100°C. A large dielectric dispersion occurred at frequencies less than 10 Hz and at temperatures more than 60°C. The minimum peak value of the dielectric loss factors shifted towards higher frequencies at higher temperatures in all three grain directions. The tangential direction showed the highest activation energy. The dielectric constant decreased as frequency increased from 1 to 10 GHz, and thereafter remained unchanged with additional frequency increases. The dielectric constant exhibited higher values at higher temperatures. The dielectric loss factor showed a peak value at around 10 GHz at 25°C.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/17
2015-03-03T17:17:09Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/17
2015-03-03T17:17:09Z
S
Number 4 / October 2000; 540-544
Modeling the Linear Expansion of Wood Composites
Suchsland, Otto
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/17
Array
A model is presented that allows the prediction of the LE of a wood composite based on the properties of the raw material. The model disregards the effects of layer discontinuity but takes into account the inelastic behavior of wood in compression across the grain. The model predicts LE values that correspond to minimal values achieved by commercial particleboard but which are exceeded by most. This discrepancy is attributed to the effects of layer discontinuity. The LE requirement of the commercial standard for particleboard is discussed.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/18
2015-03-28T18:23:05Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/18
2015-03-28T18:23:05Z
S
Number 4 / Winter 1981; 215-216
Some Thoughts on Wood Utilization Research
Koch, Peter
2007-06-27
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/18
Array
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/19
2015-03-28T18:17:46Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/19
2015-03-28T18:17:46Z
S
Number 3 / July 1986; 478-489
Predicted and Actual Performance of Two Laboratory Stress-Grading Machines Employing Different Support Conditions
Samson, Marcel
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/19
Array
Actual performance data were developed on two laboratory stress-grading machines differing only in support conditions for comparison with theoretical predictions from a finite element model developed previously. Performance was assessed on the basis of the ability of the grading machines to measure modulus of elasticity on lumber containing natural bow and one ideal defect (notch). Theory and observation were in good agreement in showing that performance of grading machines is dependent on support conditions, especially regarding their ability to identify zones of lower stiffness along the lumber. Practical implications of the results on future machine stress-rating procedures are discussed.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/20
2015-03-28T18:19:03Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/20
2015-03-28T18:19:03Z
S
Number 3 / July 1985; 315-326
Detection of Fungal Degradation at Low Weight Loss by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Baldwin, Robert C.
Streisel, Robert C.
2007-06-27
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/20
Array
A thermo-analytical method to detect incipient fungal degradation was investigated. Hybrid poplar (Populus maximowiczii x trichocarpa) specimens were degraded by the brown-rot fungus Lenzites trabea and analyzed at five sequential, 3-day intervals to a weight loss of 5%. To measure the extent of decay, cold water, hot water, and sodium hydroxide solubilities, ethanol-benzene extractive content as well as lignin, holocellulose, and alpha-cellulose were determined. Viscometric analysis was conducted to determine changes in the weight average degree of polymerization (DPw), and thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed to determine endothermic transitions in the whole decayed wood, extractive-free wood, and holo- and alpha-cellulose. Chemical analyses provided results consistent with those expected in wood decayed by a brown-rot fungus. DPw changes of both holo- and alpha-cellulose were significant with regard to decay interval. Analysis of DSC data revealed that this methodology was a reliable means of evaluating fungal degradation in extractive-free wood and holo- and alpha-cellulose preparations from the decayed wood but not the whole wood.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/21
2015-03-28T18:16:01Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/21
2015-03-28T18:16:01Z
S
Number 4 / October 1987; 353-361
Effect of Resin Molecular Weight on Bonding Flakeboard
Stephens, R. Scott
Kutscha, Norman P.
2007-06-22
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/21
Array
Information on the effect of resin molecular weight on flakeboard properties is limited. A commercial phenol formaldehyde flakeboard resin was separated into two molecular weight fractions by diafiltration. Aspen flakeboards were prepared with the different resin fractions. Penetration characteristics of the different fractions were determined microscopically. Results indicate that both low and high molecular weight components of the resin are needed to achieve optimum board properties.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/22
2015-03-27T23:10:06Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/22
2015-03-27T23:10:06Z
S
Number 2 / April 1990; 165-172
Fungal Resistance of Southern Pine Impregnated With Methyl Fluorophenyl Carbamates or Reacted With Fluorophenyl Isocyanates
Chen, George C.
Rowell, Roger M.
Ellis, W. Dale
2007-06-22
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/22
Array
Fluorine substituents in the phenyl ring of methyl fluorophenyl carbamates and fluorophenyl isocyanates were varied to determine the influence of fluorine substituents on fungal resistance of wood containing them. In southern pine impregnated with methyl fluorophenyl carbamates, increased fluorine substitution of the phenyl ring increased fungal resistance. Methyl pentafluorophenyl carbamate and methyl meta-trifluoromethylphenyl carbamate were the most effective preservatives, whereas methyl 4-fluorophenyl carbamate was the least effective.Pine reacted with fluorophenyl isocyanates to form bonded carbamates in situ was effective in preventing attacks by fungi but required a much higher molar ratio of chemicals than did wood impregnated with methyl fluorophenyl carbamates. The fluorophenyl carbamyl groups in reacted wood are more stable than carbamates impregnated in wood and less subject to loss by hydrolysis.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/23
2015-03-27T23:04:34Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/23
2015-03-27T23:04:34Z
S
Number 1 / January 1995; 25-33
Effect of Stand Density on Flexural Properties of Lumber From Two 35-Year-Old Loblolly Pine Plantations
Biblis, Evangelos J.
Carino, Honorio
Brinker, Richard
McKee, C. William
2007-06-25
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/23
Array
This study reports on the effect of stand density on the flexural properties and grade compliance of lumber from two 35-year-old loblolly pine plantations. Grade compliance determination involved performing bending strength tests on the lumber, which was visually graded according to Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB) rules, to ascertain if the actual strength values were consistent with the requirements of the assigned visual grades. The results indicate that stand density is an important factor influcncing the flexural strength and grade compliance of the lumber produced from the plantations studied. Specifically, lumber from the denser 35-year-old stand, which had 70/25 site index, 8- x 8-ft original spacing (thinned only once at age 18) and 230 trees/acre with 141-sq ft basal area at harvest time, has about 92% and 64% compliance to required design flexural strength and stiffness values, respectively. It is now evident from the results of this study and a previous study by the authors that even dense stands must be older than 35 years of age before they can be harvested for lumber production to ensure attainment of at least 95% lumber grade compliance, i.e., strength values are consistent with assigned visual grades. More studies are definitely needed to determine the appropriate harvest age.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/24
2019-05-16T23:08:07Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/24
2019-05-16T23:08:07Z
S
Number 4 / October 2013; 335-342
Effect of Latewood Proportion on Mechanical Properties of Finnish Pine Wood Modified with Compression Drying
Mikkola, Mika T.
Korhonen, Rami K.
2013-10-18
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/24
Array
Mechanical and structural changes caused by compression drying of Finnish pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) were studied. Elastic modulus, yield stress, Brinell hardness, and latewood proportion were determined for eight boards. Radial compression during the drying process was found to increase latewood proportion by approximately 18% as a result of earlywood deformation. Elastic modulus and yield stress were higher in the radial direction (128 and 2.25 MPa) than in the tangential direction (99 and 2.09 MPa) for green samples, whereas they were higher in the tangential (288 and 4.74 MPa) compared with the radial direction (201 and 3.59 MPa) for dried specimens. Elastic modulus, yield stress, and Brinell hardness correlated significantly (R2 = 0.65, p < 0.05; R2 = 0.73, p < 0.01; R2 = 0.69, p < 0.01, respectively) with latewood proportion. Compression drying enhanced the tangential mechanical properties and surface hardness of Finnish pine wood as a result of increased latewood-to-earlywood ratio.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/25
2015-03-03T17:17:49Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/25
2015-03-03T17:17:49Z
S
Number 2 / April 2000; 153-163
Heat and Mass Transfer Model in Wood Chip Drying
de Paiva Souza, Maria Eugênia
Nebra, Silvia Azucena
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/25
Array
A model of simultaneous transport of heat and mass in a hygroscopic capillary porous medium was developed and applied to the drying of wood. Water is considered to be present in three forms-free water, bound water, and vapor—which remain in local equilibrium. It is assumed that the heat and mass transport mechanisms are: capillarity of free water, diffusion of vapor due to the concentration gradient, and diffusion of bound water due to the gradient of chemical potential between the water molecules. The constants of the phenomenological coefficients were adjusted. Finally, the drying process in wood chips was simulated in a unidimensional mesh. The results were compared with experimental data on drying kinetics obtained from the literature. Concentration profiles are shown, and the weight of each of the mechanisms present in the drying phenomenon is shown in graphic form and discussed.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/26
2015-03-28T18:19:03Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/26
2015-03-28T18:19:03Z
S
Number 3 / July 1985; 391-396
Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Wood Peroxidase Activity in Oak (<i>Quercus Robur</i>)
Ebermann, R.
Stich, K.
2007-06-27
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/26
Array
The distribution of peroxidase activity and the water and nitrogen content within the cross section of an oak trunk (Quercus robur) were measured. After a sharp decline in the outer sapwood, an increase of the peroxidase activity in the inner part of sapwood could be detected. This increase was followed by a sharp fall of the activity in the heartwood. In the inner part of the heartwood only small activity could be found. The quantitative data reported in this paper give for the first time strong evidence that peroxidase enzymes are involved in heartwood formation. The results support the findings of other authors that an increased enzymatic activity exists in the zone adjacent to the sapwood/heartwood junction.In addition the seasonal variation of peroxidase activity in the zone mentioned above was studied. A maximum of activity could be observed during the dormant season. The results indicate that heartwood formation in Quercus robur occurs mainly during this period.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/27
2015-03-02T23:51:55Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/27
2015-03-02T23:51:55Z
S
Number 3 / July 2006; 379-389
The Effect of Specific Gravity and Growth Rate on Bending Strength of Finger-Jointed Southern Pine
Knowles, Christopher D.
Stamey, James D.
Dougal, Edward F.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/27
Array
In this study, the effect of specific gravity and rings per inch on the bending strength of 11 mill-run batches of finger-jointed southern pine lumber was examined. The bending test specimens were prepared according to the Glued Lumber Standard for Southern Pine as outlined by the SPIB. For each fingerjointed board, 8 wood properties were calculated. The 8 wood properties were maximum, minimum, average, and differential specific gravity; and maximum, minimum, average, and differential rings per inch. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effect of these wood properties on the bending strength (MOR) of the lumber. This relationship was examined for test specimens subjected to an accelerated aging cycle and those not subjected to the cycle. Coefficients of determination (r2) ranged from 0.06 to 37. For both specific gravity and rings per inch, the differential specimens had the lowest r2 values, and the average specimens had the highest r2 values. The relationships found in this study are consistent with strength-wood property relationships for finger-jointed and solid wood specimens reported in previous literature.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/28
2016-09-26T19:24:47Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/28
2016-09-26T19:24:47Z
S
Number 2 / April 2010; 130-149
Sensitivity Study of a Numerical Model of Heat and Mass Transfer Involved During the Medium-Density Fiberboard Hot Pressing Process
Kavazović, Zanin
Deteix, Jean
Cloutier, Alain
Fortin, André
2010-04-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/28
Array
The objective of this work was to estimate the impact of the variability of the medium-density fiberboard mat heat and moisture transfer properties on the results predicted by a numerical model of hot pressing. The three state variables of the model, temperature, air pressure, and vapor pressure, depend on parameters describing the material properties of the mat known with a limited degree of precision. Moreover, different moisture sorption models and initial moisture contents also have an impact on the numerically predicted results. In this sensitivity study, we determined the impact of variations of the mat properties, sorption models, boundary conditions, and initial MC on the state variables. Our study shows that mat thermal conductivity, convective mass transfer coefficient of the external boundary, and gas permeability have the most significant impact on temperature, gas pressure, and MC within the mat. On the other hand, the convective heat transfer coefficient of the external boundary has no impact on the state variables. The sorption model affects significantly mat MC predictions only. The initial MC of the mat has a strong influence on the internal gas pressure.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/29
2015-03-28T18:18:20Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/29
2015-03-28T18:18:20Z
S
Number 2 / April 1986; 349-350
Status of Wood Drying Research and Technology Symposium
Mitchell, Philip H.
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/29
Array
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/30
2015-03-28T18:32:19Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/30
2015-03-28T18:32:19Z
S
Number 1 / Spring 1973; 76-79
Anomalous Structures in the Bordered Pits of Fiber-Tracheids of <i>Ribes Sanguineum</i>
Parameswaran, N.
Liese, W.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/30
Array
The presence of padlike structures in the pit chamber of fiber-tracheids of Ribes sanguineum has been described and illustrated. The possibility of their protective function for the pit membrane is discussed.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/31
2015-03-27T23:03:41Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/31
2015-03-27T23:03:41Z
S
Number 1 / January 1996; 28-38
Rate of Swelling of Vacuum-Impregnated Wood
Cooper, Paul A.
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/31
Array
The swelling rate of wood wafers vacuum-impregnated with water and other swelling agents was measured by a videotaping technique. After an initial period of inhibited swelling, the rate of swelling could be described quantitatively by a simple membrane Fickian diffusion model for solvent penetration into the wood cell walls. Diffuse porous aspen swelled more slowly than red pine as a result of differences in initial distribution of solution in the wood tissue. In red pine, swelling rate increased with increasing degree of saturation of the wood void space, while in aspen the swelling rate was not related to solution absorption. Wood relative density did not affect swelling rate significantly over the range of densities tested. Increased solution temperature had the expected effect of increased swelling rate. The estimated activation energy for bound water diffusion inducing swelling depended on the direction of swelling and the treating solution and ranged from 26.4 to 41.6 kJ/mole. Treatment with 8% monoammonium phosphate (MAP) resulted in slower swelling rates compared to water and 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG) treated wafers under most conditions. The organic swelling solvents dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) initially swelled wood much more slowly than water.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/32
2015-03-28T18:21:33Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/32
2015-03-28T18:21:33Z
S
Number 4 / October 1982; 331-339
Polyploidy and Wood Anatomy of Mature White Ash, <i>Fraxinus Americana</i>
Armstrong, Joseph E.
2007-06-27
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/32
Array
The ploidy levels of ten field-grown white ash trees from southern Illinois were determined using cytophotometric methods. A wood sample was removed from the bole of each tree and examined to determine wood cell sizes, increment widths, and specific gravity. Six of the trees examined were diploids, two were tetraploids, and two were hexaploids. There were no differences between the ten trees in wood specific gravity. The higher ploidy levels did show a statistically significant correlation with longer vessel elements and longer fibers. The increase in fiber length was attributable both to an increase in the average cambial initial length and a proportionate ontogenetic elongation.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/33
2015-03-28T18:17:46Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/33
2015-03-28T18:17:46Z
S
Number 3 / July 1986; 413-420
Taxonomic and Gross Anatomical Influences on Specific Gravity-Mechanical Property Relationships
Walton, David R.
Armstrong, James P.
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/33
Array
The relationship between specific gravity and modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, and maximum crushing strength in compression parallel to the grain was investigated for seven commercial timber genera. Exponential regressions were derived for each specific gravity-mechanical property relationship in the green and air-dried (12% moisture content) condition for each genus. The regressions were tested for significance and, if significant, compared by covariance analysis to determine if they were significantly different. The experiment was repeated, this time grouping commercial timber species according to their gross anatomical characteristics, i.e., ring porous, semi-ring porous, diffuse porous, and nonporous. Results of the covariance analyses indicate significant differences between most generic groupings and between most pore arrangement groupings. Data used in this study were obtained from the world literature.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/34
2015-03-02T23:58:02Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/34
2015-03-02T23:58:02Z
S
Number 1 / January 2002; 116-124
Trial Production and Testing of Cement-Bonded Particleboard from Rattan Furniture Waste
Olorunnisola, Abel O.
Adefisan, O. O.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/34
Array
An investigation was conducted on the use of rattan (cane) furniture waste as furnish material for the manufacture of cement-bonded particleboard (CBP). Laboratory scale CBPs were fabricated from hot water pretreated chopped strands of mixed rattan waste obtained from rattan furniture workers in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Three-layered boards of 6-mm thickness were made comprising coarse core and fine surfaces at two density levels of 1,050 kg/m3 and 1,200 kg/m3 three CaCl2 concentration levels of: 2.5%, 3.0%, and 3.5%, and using Portland cement-cane mixing ratios of 2.5:1.0, 2.75:1.0, 3.0:1.0, and 3.25:1.0. After board manufacture, ASTM D 1037 (1998) test procedures were employed to obtain strength and moisture absorption properties. Average properties for bending modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the boards ranged between 0.5 and 1.6 N/mm2, and 480 and 3,563 N/mm2, respectively. Mean thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) values ranged between 1.1 and 8.6%, and 31 and 51%, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that except for MOE, the levels at which the density, CaCl2 concentration, and cement-cane mixing ratio were used and their interaction had no significant effects on properties of the board. The relatively low strength and water resistance properties of the boards make them suitable only for use in low-stressed interior applications. Further investigations are, however, required on the effects of different cane preparation procedures and other fabrication variables on board properties. This is necessary to provide the guidelines required to adequately control the fabrication process and optimize material properties.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/35
2015-03-27T23:06:52Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/35
2015-03-27T23:06:52Z
S
Number 3 / July 1992; 307-314
Fungal Decay Resistance and Dimensional Stability of Loblolly Pine Reacted with 1,6-Diisocyanatohexane
Chen, George C.
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/35
Array
Wood reacted with 1,6-diisocyanatohexane resisted fungal attack and had improved dimensional stability. At 25.8% chemical weight gain, the reacted wood had no weight loss by the brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum; at 20.9% and 23.8% chemical weight gains, the reacted wood had antishrink efficiencies (ASEs) of 58% and 61%, respectively, with a small loss of 3% ASE after four cycles of water swelling and drying treatment. At 26.1% chemical weight gain, the reacted wood lost 5.8% bonded diisocyanate in a 12-week soil-block decay test. Evidence of cross-linking between wood and 1,6-diisocyanatohexane was provided by the characteristic carbamate infrared absorption. In the absence of water, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane reacted with wood to form cross-linking wood as the only product; in the presence of water, diisocyanate reacted preferentially with water to form mainly ureas with a small amount of biurets. These chemicals were deposited in the cell lumen of wood. Water vapor sorption of wood reacted with 1,6-diisocyanatohexane indicated that the decay resistance of this modified wood is probably due to the inability of the modified cell wall of wood to absorb sufficient water to support decay.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/36
2015-03-28T18:19:21Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/36
2015-03-28T18:19:21Z
S
Number 2 / April 1985; 228-239
Flash Pyrolysis Products From Beech Wood
Beaumont, Olivier
2007-06-27
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/36
Array
Flash pyrolysis products from beech wood obtained in an original pyrolysis apparatus were analyzed. The analytical procedure is described, and the composition of pyrolytic oil presented with more than 50 compounds. Comparison of pyrolytic products of cellulose, hemicellulose, and wood indicates the origin of each product.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/37
2015-03-02T23:51:40Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/37
2015-03-02T23:51:40Z
S
Number 4 / October 2006; 717-726
The Response of Visible/Near Infrared Absorbance to Wood-Staining Fungi
Via, Brian K.
Eckhardt, Lori G.
So, Chi-Leung
Shupe, Todd F.
Groom, Leslie H.
Stine, Michael
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/37
Array
The influence of blue-stain fungi [Ophiostoma minus (Hedgcock) H. and P. Sydow and Leptographium serpens (Goid.) Siemaszko] on absorbance at the visible and near infrared wavelengths was investigated. Forty trees were sampled at breast height from longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). One half of each increment core was inoculated with one of two fungi treatments while the other half served as a control. Visible and near infrared spectra were acquired between rings 3-40 for the stained and control-clear wood samples (n = 304). Absorbance was greater for the stained than the control wood at wavelengths between 464 to 1334 nm. Statistical techniques were applied to the NIR data to determine which wavelengths, and their corresponding chemical assignments, were most affected by the fungi. First and 2nd derivative pretreatments to the original spectra resulted in some blue-stain sensitive wavelengths throughout the 350 to 2500 nm range, some of which are associated with nitrogen in the melanin present in blue stain. However, for the 2nd derivative pretreatment, the stained wood exhibited a different signal to noise ratio than the control wood, and thus the pretreatment method should be used with vigilance. For the raw, 1st, and 2nd derivatives, the absorbance of L. serpens (n = 164) significantly differed from O. minus (n = 140) between 424-554 nm. The results of this study are important because the absorbance at visible and NIR wavelengths may be used to classify stained wood.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/38
2015-03-28T18:16:27Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/38
2015-03-28T18:16:27Z
S
Number 2 / April 1987; 126-134
Cellular Kinetics of Compression Wood Formation in Slash Pine
Nix, L. E.
Brown, C. L.
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/38
Array
The kinetics of auxin-induced compression wood formation in slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) seedlings were investigated with regard to rate and duration of cambial cell division, radial enlargement, and secondary wall formation. Exogenous lateral application of auxin (indole acetic acid) in lanolin paste to the basal portion of the seedling stems markedly increased the rate of cambial cell division and radial enlargement with a nearly proportionate decrease in the duration of both stages. The auxin application had little effect on the rate of secondary wall formation of differentiating tracheids but significantly increased the duration of this stage, resulting in a large increase in tracheid wall thickness. Untreated control seedlings exhibited no evidence of changes in cellular kinetics during the treatment period. Results indicate that the increased wall thickness of compression wood tracheids in slash pine results from an extended duration of secondary wall deposition rather than an increased rate of deposition as previously thought.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/39
2015-03-27T23:02:57Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/39
2015-03-27T23:02:57Z
S
Number 4 / October 1996; 411-421
Characterization of Hydrolytic Degradation of U-f Joints Through Apparent Diffusivity
Na, Jae Sik
Ronze, Didier
Zoulalian, André
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/39
Array
The hydrolytic aging of an adhesive joint (wood-urea/formaldehyde resin) is characterized by measurements of the apparent diffusivity of two inert gases within the bond. This kind of measurement is of some interest, because it includes both chemical and geometrical changes in joint structure.Apparent diffusivities are determined in a diffusion cell after various degradation times in a cold water bath. Our results show that diffusivity increases with aging time with an asymptotic trend. Nevertheless, when the joint undergoes cyclic aging (immersion/drying), chemical degradation occurs mainly during the first cycle, while mechanical degradation observed during the drying steps also appears during the following cycles. The values of apparent diffusivity show that the solute transport is a real diffusional transport phenomenon and that resin joints are not porous.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/40
2015-03-27T23:05:21Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/40
2015-03-27T23:05:21Z
S
Number 2 / April 1994; 249-258
Application of the Dichromatic Reflection Model to Wood
Maristany, Alberto G.
Lebow, Patricia K.
Brunner, Charles C.
2007-06-22
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/40
Array
The applicability of the dichromatic reflection model to describe wood-light interactions in Douglas-fir veneer was investigated. Spectral reflectance measurements taken with illumination along and across the fibers were analyzed by the methodology proposed by Lee et al. (1990). Differences between observed and predicted spectral reflectances were small overall, and increased towards the blue end of the spectrum. Transmission through cell walls, interreflection between cell walls, and an optically active interface are possible explanations for these differences. Average reflectances were higher when samples were illuminated across the directions of the fibers. Rotary-peeled veneer, however, presents surface irregularities where the wood fibers have been pulled away from the surface of the material and where the along-fiber brightness is higher than its corresponding across-fiber measurement.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/41
2019-05-15T21:18:56Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/41
2019-05-15T21:18:56Z
S
Number 2 / April 2013; 223-227
Technical Note: Static Versus Cyclic Load Capacity of Side Chairs Constructed with Mortise and Tenon Joints
Likos, Erkan
Haviarova, Eva
Eckelman, Carl A.
Erdil, Yusuf Ziya
Ozcifci, Ayhan
2013-04-15
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/41
Array
The effect of cross-sectional tenon geometry on static and cyclic load capacity of side chairs constructed with round-, rectangular-, and diamond-shaped mortise and tenon joints was investigated. Cyclic load capacity averaged about two-thirds of static load capacity for the joint configurations tested. For the configurations included in the test, chairs with mortise and tenon joints constructed with round-, rectangular-, and diamond-shaped tenons had static load to cyclic passing load ratios of 56.5, 66.8, and 69.2% for rectangular-, round-, and diamond-shaped tenons, respectively. These results indicate that useful relationships existed between static and cyclic performance of round mortise and tenon joints, which may simplify the design process for chairs that must pass cyclic performance tests.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/42
2015-03-27T23:07:13Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/42
2015-03-27T23:07:13Z
S
Number 2 / April 1992; 204-215
Strength of Wood Beams with Filleted Interior Notches: A New Model
Zalph, Barry L.
McLain, Thomas E.
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/42
Array
A critical fillet hoop stress (CFHS) model has been used to develop an expression for predicting the failure loads of beams with notches on the tension side between the supports. The effects of notch location and loading condition are described well by a single parameter, V/M, the ratio of resultant shear to resultant moment at the section containing the critical notch fillet. Effects of notch depth, fillet radius, and beam depth are treated explicitly in the model. Computer modeling and mechanical testing showed negligible effects of notch length and beam span. The model has been verified with notched beam tests of eight wood materials, three notch locations, and twenty-one filleted notch geometries. The closed-form strength equation, with a single material parameter (k), accurately described the observed trends in experimental notched beam critical loads with respect to notch and beam geometry, notch location, and loading geometry.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/43
2016-09-26T19:22:05Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/43
2016-09-26T19:22:05Z
S
Number 4 / October 2011; 365-378
Performance of Three Alternative Surfacing Processes on Black Spruce Wood and Their Effects on Water-Based Coating Adhesion
Cool, Julie
Hernández, Roger E.
2011-10-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/43
Array
Surface quality and water-based coating performance of samples prepared by oblique cutting, helical planing, and face milling were studied. Oblique cutting and helical planing generated surfaces with similar features. Samples had little subsurface damage and fibrillation, and few cell lumens were accessible on the surface to favor coating penetration. As a result, these samples had lower surface roughness and wetting properties than face-milled ones. Face-milled samples were defined by more subsurface damage, fibrillation, and open lumens that favored coating penetration. However, the pull-off strength of face-milled samples was significantly lower after accelerated weathering than the oblique-cut or helical-planed samples. Hence, oblique cutting and helical planing are suitable for preparing surfaces of black spruce prior to coating application. No correlations were detected between surface quality parameters and adhesion, which indicates that pull-off tests have to be determined to quantify coating adhesion on surfaces of this wood species.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/44
2015-03-03T17:18:37Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/44
2015-03-03T17:18:37Z
S
Number 1 / January 2000; 105-115
Variation in the Response of Three Different <i>Pinus Radiata</i> Kraft Pulps to Xylanase Treatments
Mansfield, Shawn D.
Wong, Ken K. Y.
Dickson, Alan R.
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/44
Array
Two xylanase preparations (Pulpzyme HC and Xylanasc E) were assessed for their ability to enhance the refining properties of three different Pinus radiata kraft pulps. Both preparations selectively solubilized a significant proportion of the available xylan; however, xylanase E proved to be more aggressive, regardless of the pulp type. The selective removal of pulp xylan improved pulp beatability by increasing the apparent densities of the resultant handsheets over their corresponding controls. There were, however, variations in the response of the different pulp types, with an unbleached kappa 70 pulp showing the greatest improvement in sheet densification, as compared to an isothermal-cooked (kappa 33) and a fully bleached pulp. In general, xylanase treatments improved tear strength at a given density without significant loss in tensile strength and intrinsic fiber strength. These results suggest that xylanase treatments may be a means of enhancing the collapsibility/flexibility of certain kraft fibers while maintaining intrinsic strength.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/45
2015-03-28T18:18:20Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/45
2015-03-28T18:18:20Z
S
Number 2 / April 1986; 212-219
Fluorescence Microscopy of Hardboards
Murmanis, Lidija
Myers, Gary C.
Youngquist, John A.
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/45
Array
We developed a microscopic technique and used it to explore the internal structure and resin distribution in hardboards. The technique will enable us better to understand the behavior of hard-boards in use. Glycol methacrylate (JB-4 embedding medium) proved to be satisfactory for preparing 10- to 15-μm sections of hardboards with a steel knife on a sliding microtome. This thickness of sample, when viewed in transmitted near-ultraviolet light, allowed a clear visualization of hardboard internal structure and resin distribution through the board thickness. We examined wet-formed and dry-formed hardboard samples. Wet-formed high-density and medium-density boards usually showed fibers consolidated into a compact structure and a uniform resin distribution. Dry-formed high-density boards had a compact structure and medium-density boards a less compact structure; both characteristically showed uneven resin distribution.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/46
2015-03-02T23:51:55Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/46
2015-03-02T23:51:55Z
S
Number 3 / July 2006; 463-473
Transverse Permeability of OSB. Part II. Modeling the Effects of Density and Core Fines Content
Fakhri, Hamid R.
Semple, Kate E.
Smith, Gregory D.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/46
Array
In this work a simple rule of mixtures model to characterize the permeability of an OSB composite as a function of fines contents and density is presented. Strands and fines in the core of the board are considered to lie between two extremes, either stacked in a series configuration (series model) or side by side in a parallel configuration (parallel model), with the permeability of the composite, Ksystem, being a function of relative permeabilities of the series and parallel models. Equations for the permeability of these two configurations, Kparallel and Kseries, are developed as functions of the known permeability of 100% strands, Ks, and 100% fines, Kf, and the mass fraction of fines, Mf. Data on the permeability of the core of OSB compressed to three density classes and made with 0 and 100% fines content are used to determine the permeability of the parallel and series models, respectively. The series coefficient, α, which represents the contribution from the series model, is determined using least squares fits to the permeability data for different target densities and 25%, 50%, and 75% fines contents. α was fairly consistent, ranging from 0.47 to 0.49 for these fines contents. Kparallel increases linearly with increasing fines content and Kseries increases exponentially, in accord with the actual data. The data for the low and medium target density boards were well described by the Ksystem predictions, whereas the model underestimates the permeability of boards containing 75% or 100% fines and compressed to high target density. The model was most sensitive to changes in Mf, Kf, and Ks, with other parameters, α and density ratio (ρs/ρf), having smaller effects. The proposed model is general and could be applied to other composites of mixed particle sizes such as particleboard.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/47
2015-03-28T18:36:58Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/47
2015-03-28T18:36:58Z
S
Number 1 / January 2009; 90-96
Improvement of Prediction Accuracy of Glulam Modulus of Elasticity by Considering Neutral Axis Shift in Bending
Shim, Kug-Bo
Kim, Kwang-Mo
Park, Joo-Saeng
2009-01-29
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/47
Array
There is a discrepancy between the estimated modulus of elasticity (MOE) of glulam based on the dynamic MOE of laminates and measured MOE. The discrepancy is greater for glulam manufactured with mixed species. This study was undertaken to reduce the discrepancy between those MOE values. The error rate of predicting MOE of glulam by the transformed section method, without considering tension and compression modulus differences, was about 30%. To estimate the MOE of glulam more accurately, the differences between compression and tension modulus should be taken into account in the transformed section method. The measured tensile and compressive strain at the center of glulam under a bending load showed the movement of neutral axis toward the tension side of glulam. Therefore, the compression and tension modulus differences for each species should be identified before estimating the MOE of glulam. The prediction of glulam MOE was improved significantly by reflecting the ratio of compression and tension modulus vs dynamic MOE of laminates. The outermost of laminates in the compression side under bending load experienced plastic behavior and failure. This caused the neutral axis to move to the tension side and increased tension stress to cause the glulam to fail abruptly in tension. To improve the bending performance of glulam, reinforcing compression laminates need to be considered.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/48
2015-03-27T23:04:06Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/48
2015-03-27T23:04:06Z
S
Number 3 / July 1995; 327-338
Shear Deflection of Composite Wood Beams
Skaggs, Thomas D.
Bender, Donald A.
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/48
Array
Shear deflection of wood beams usually is not included in design calculations. Ignoring shear deflection could lead to significant errors in total beam deflection predictions, especially for composite wood beams that have less and/or lower quality material in the core (or web) as compared to the outer zones (flanges).A generalized shear deflection equation was developed for layered composite beams. The model can accommodate variable numbers of laminations, nonprismatic shapes, and variable elastic properties between laminations and along the beam length. The model was validated using full-sized glued-laminated timber beam test data. Sensitivity analyses were conducted on numerical integration step sizes, ratio of modulus of elasticity to shear modulus, and span-to-depth ratio (L/d). One important finding was that the common engineering design practice of not including shear deflection for solid-sawn wood beams with L/d ratios of 15 to 25 could lead to significant errors for composite wood beams.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/49
2015-03-02T23:58:02Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/49
2015-03-02T23:58:02Z
S
Number 1 / January 2002; 140-145
The Variation of Chemical Composition and Pulping Yield With Age and Growth Factors in Young <i>Eucalyptus Globulus</i>
Miranda, Isabel
Pereira, Helena
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/49
Array
The wood quality of 2-, 3-, and 6-year old Eucalyptus globulus trees was assessed in relation to chemical composition and pulping for two growth conditions: a control (C) and optimized growth (IL) through a weekly nutrient supply and irrigation.The wood chemical composition did not show statistically significant differences between C and IL trees. With age an increase was found for lignin and extractives, especially ethanol and water-solubles.The overall average pulp yield was 56.5% at a Kappa number of 15. No differences in pulp yield or delignification degree could be associated with fertilization and irrigation or with tree age. In these conditions, intensively grown trees and shorter rotations may be used for pulping without loss of raw-material quality.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/50
2015-03-28T18:31:41Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/50
2015-03-28T18:31:41Z
S
Number 4 / Winter 1974; 323-333
A Technique for Determining The Transverse Dimensions of the Fibres in Wood
Scallan, A. M.
Green, H. V.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/50
Array
For softwoods, fibre width can be calculated from a count by optical microscopy of the number of cells per unit area (N) in the cross-sectional face of a small block of wood. Assuming a square cross section for the average fibre, the fibre width (b) is given by b = (1/N)1/2. Lumen width (a) can be calculated from the fibre width thus obtained and a measurement of the bulk density of the wood (DB) using the theoretically derived relationship a/b = (1 - DB/DC)1/2. DC is the cell-wall density, which to a good approximation is a constant from one wood to another.For hardwoods, the count of cells per unit area is restricted to areas occupied by the libriform fibres, and the bulk density used is that of the part of the wood occupied by these fibres. This bulk density may be calculated from the bulk density of the whole wood using a measurement of the fraction of the total volume occupied by vessels and ray cells.The results so obtained are in close agreement with those obtained by direct measurement using scanning electron microscopy and are believed to be superior to those previously obtained by the usual expedient of direct measurement by optical microscopy. This is particularly true of cell-wall thickness, (b-a)/2, the direct measurement of which has recently been shown to be subject to many sources of error.A simple experimental procedure for measuring the dry-bulk density of small samples of wood is described and the work is illustrated by measurements of the fibre width, cell-wall thickness, and fibre coarseness of some thirty species of wood.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/51
2015-03-27T23:06:10Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/51
2015-03-27T23:06:10Z
S
Number 2 / April 1993; 182-191
Relationships Between Intra-Ring Variables in Mature Douglas-Fir Trees From Provenance Plantations
Abdel-Gadir, A. Yassin
Krahmer, R. L.
McKimmy, M. D.
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/51
Array
Relationships among a variety of densitometric characteristics of juvenile and mature wood from 360 trees growing in two plantations of a 1912 Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco] Heredity Study were examined. Variables included earlywood density (EWD) and width (EWW); latewood density (LWD), width (LWW), and proportion (LWP); average ring density (RD); and total ring width (RW). The RD components (EWD and LWD) had strong phenotypic and genetic correlations with their respective RW components (EWW and LWW). However, no phenotypic correlation existed between average RD and total RW, and genotypic correlation was weak. The relationship between wood density and radial growth varied by plantation and genotype. The potential exists for improving wood density in juvenile and mature wood by selection, with only a minor impact on radial growth. Selection during the juvenile period to improve mature wood quality is feasible for RD, EWD, LWW, and LWP. Further, selection to improve juvenile RW does not result in reduced wood dens ty during maturity.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/52
2015-03-27T23:00:01Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/52
2015-03-27T23:00:01Z
S
Number 2 / April 1999; 164-172
An Evaluation of Analysis Methods to Eliminate the Effect of Density Variation in Property Comparisons of Wood Composites
Shi, Sheldon Q.
Gardner, Douglas J.
2007-06-25
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/52
Array
The objective of this research was to evaluate commonly used data analysis methods in property comparisons of wood composites to eliminate the effect of the density variation among board test specimens and to suggest a more reasonable and robust method. The methods reviewed included average, specific strength, and analysis of covariance. The indicator variable method was also applied to the property comparison and compared to the other methods. The modulus of rupture of wood fiber/polymer fluff composites manufactured with different material combinations and press temperatures was tested in the experiment for evaluation of the different analysis methods. The results of this study indicated that the statistical analysis method employed was very important in the study of the physical and mechanical properties of wood composites. The specific strength method is limited to the analysis of strength comparison for the high density composites. The analysis of covariance can be applied to all the property comparisons for either high or low density composites in eliminating the density variation effect. However, error exists in the property comparison using the analysis of covariance method when the slopes of the regression lines of property vs. specific gravity (SG) are different for the different composites being tested. The indicator variable method is shown to be more reliable than the specific strength and analysis of covariance methods because it compares the linear regression lines of property vs. SG by testing both the intercept and slope based on the data in the whole specific gravity range of test specimens.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/53
2015-03-28T18:32:07Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/53
2015-03-28T18:32:07Z
S
Number 2 / Summer 1973; 160-169
On the Foundation of Circular-Saw Stability Theory
Mote, C. D.
Nieh, L. T.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/53
Array
The buckling and critical speed saw stability theories for predicting the flatness of a circular saw are discussed. Laboratory experiments were performed for evaluation of the stability concepts. The experiments include accurate measurement of the saw-disc natural frequencies or frequency spectrum and the measurement and inclusion of thermal effects in saw-disc stability analysis.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/54
2015-03-02T23:52:57Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/54
2015-03-02T23:52:57Z
S
Number 4 / October 2005; 662-672
Theoretical Modeling and Experimental Analyses of Laminated Wood Composite Poles
Piao, Cheng
Shupe, Todd F.
Gopu, Vijaya
Hse, Chung Y.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/54
Array
Wood laminated composite poles consist of trapezoid-shaped wood strips bonded with synthetic resin. The thick-walled hollow poles had adequate strength and stiffness properties and were a promising substitute for solid wood poles. It was necessary to develop theoretical models to facilitate the manufacture and future installation and maintenance of this novel engineered wood product. A higher-order governing differential equation (GDE) model was developed for this purpose based on the principle of minimum potential energy. Transverse shear and glue-line effects were taken into account in the development of the model. A simplified theoretical model was also derived to further validate the higher-order GDE model. Thirty-six small-scale wood laminated composite poles were made and tested to validate the models developed. Strip thickness and number of strips were chosen as experimental variables. The deflection predicted by the theoretical models agreed well with those measured in experiment. The agreement with the results predicted by the simplified theoretical model was better than that with those predicted by the higher-order GDE model.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/55
2015-03-27T23:02:15Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/55
2015-03-27T23:02:15Z
S
Number 3 / July 1997; 209-209
Research Relevance
Willits, Sue
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/55
Array
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/56
2015-03-28T18:31:28Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/56
2015-03-28T18:31:28Z
S
Number 1 / Spring 1974; 46-52
The Interdependence of the Lignin Content and Electrical Properties of Wood
Venkateswaran, A.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/56
Array
A linear relationship was found to exist between the percentage of acid-insoluble lignin content and both the permittivity and DC conductivity of vacuum-dried woods, woods conditioned at 65% relative humidity, and in both of the two major grain directions. This study shows that dielectric measurements could be developed into a nondestructive analytical tool for estimating acid-insoluble lignin content in woods.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/57
2015-03-28T18:16:58Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/57
2015-03-28T18:16:58Z
S
Number 4 / October 1986; 579-589
Righting Movement and Xylem Development in Tilted Young Conifer Trees
Yoshizawa, Nobuo
Okamoto, Yukie
Idei, Toshinaga
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/57
Array
The natural righting movement and the corresponding xylem development in tilted young trees of five conifer species were observed. There were differences in the response to the stimulus of inclination among species. The righting movement in these tilted young trees suggests that the recovery of the vertical position of the stem is initiated at the top of the stem and gradually proceeds to the bottom, with a corresponding increase from top to bottom of compression wood formation. The formation of compression wood on the underside of the inclined stem continues until the normal vertical position is restored, although under prolonged inclination sensitivity to the stimulus of compression wood formation may decline or be lost and effectively suppress additional compression wood formation on the underside of the stem. Compression wood formation may reverse from the underside to the upper side in the slightly inclined stem.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/58
2015-03-02T23:52:10Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/58
2015-03-02T23:52:10Z
S
Number 2 / April 2006; 314-324
Impregnation of Southern Pine Wood and Strands With Low Molecular Weight Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins for Stabilization of Oriented Strandboard
Wan, Hui
Kim, Moon G.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/58
Array
Low molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins were impregnated into southern pine wood using a vacuum/pressure method and the specimens were hot-pressed in the radial direction. Anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) values of treated specimens were up to 26% and 45%, respectively, for 1.0% and 5.0% resin solids loading levels in the first water-soak/dry cycle. The high ASE values were due to reduction in the irreversible swelling in radial and tangential directions of wood in spite of some negative effects that occurred in the reversible swelling. In the second and third water-soak/dry cycles, the ASE values were reduced mostly due to increased swelling of irreversible components in the radial direction with the tangential direction components little affected. Vacuum impregnation of southern pine/hardwood strands with 1.0% or 2.0% PF resin solids levels and hot-pressing gave strandboards with ASE values up to 45% in 24-h water-soak tests. ASE and board strength values of boards were higher for 2.0% resin solids loading level, higher hot-pressing temperatures, and longer press times. The high ASE values of boards arose from both irreversible and reversible swelling components and also increased adhesive bonds due to impregnating PF resins. The results would be useful for manufacturing oriented strandboard with reduced swelling if a low-cost resin impregnation process can be found.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/59
2015-03-27T23:02:43Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/59
2015-03-27T23:02:43Z
S
Number 1 / January 1997; 35-46
Orienting Lignocellulosic Fibers and Particles by Means of a Magnetic Field
Zauscher, Stefan
Humphrey, Philip E.
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/59
Array
Fiber and particle alignment in composite materials may be used to tailor material and object properties to specific performance requirements. The present research demonstrates that alignment of ferromagnetically modified slender wood particles in magnetic fields is feasible. Magnetic torque, which causes rotation, increases linearly with the amount of magnetic material on particle surfaces. Below magnetic saturation, magnetic torque increases with increasing strength of the applied field; closer to magnetic saturation, torque becomes less dependent on the applied field strength. Magnetic torque maxima occur at field-to-particle axis angles above 45°. Polarity switches of the applied magnetic field increase particle rotation rates and may counter permanent magnetization, which otherwise tends to impede full particle alignment.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/60
2015-03-27T23:05:34Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/60
2015-03-27T23:05:34Z
S
Number 1 / January 1994; 3-10
Reaction Rate Model for the Fatigue Strength of Wood
Liu, Jen Y.
Zahn, John J.
Schaffer, Erwin L.
2007-06-22
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/60
Array
In this paper, we consider the fatigue strength of wood structural members. That is, we develop a mathematical model for time-dependent strength under sinusoidal load. This work extends the model for time-dependent strength under constant load and ramp load derived previously by two of the authors. It is based on the statistical theory of the absolute reaction rate in a version favorably reviewed in the literature. Under the isothermal condition, the model predicts that the time at fracture is independent of stress frequency. The need to evaluate experimentally some of the model parameters that may depend on stress frequency indirectly through temperature changes is discussed.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/61
2019-05-16T23:08:07Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/61
2019-05-16T23:08:07Z
S
Number 4 / October 2013; 370-382
A Rapid Method to Assess Viscoelastic and Mechanosorptive Creep in Wood
Kaboorani, Alireza
Blanchet, Pierre
Laghdir, Aziz
2013-10-18
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/61
Array
This study presents an alternative method to measure the viscoelastic and mechanosorptive creep of wood using a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). Measurements were made on sugar maple wood specimens in the radial and tangential directions in different RH conditions. Viscoelastic creep measurements showed that DMA can detect effects of time, RH, load level, and wood direction on wood creep. With the applied stress levels (5, 25, 35, and 45%), wood exhibited linear viscoelastic behavior. DMA also demonstrated its value in measuring mechanosorptive effect. The mechanosorptive effect was observed as RH changed during the loading period, resulting in very high deflections. In both viscoelastic and mechanosorptive creep measurements, creep proved to be greater in the tangential direction than in the radial direction. The results of this study demonstrated that a DMA can be a rapid and accurate tool to predict the time-dependent behavior of wood under load.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/62
2015-03-27T23:08:26Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/62
2015-03-27T23:08:26Z
S
Number 1 / January 1991; 23-31
Polychromatic X-Ray Attenuation Characteristics and Wood Densitometry Applications
Hoag, M. L.
Krahmer, R. L.
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/62
Array
The use of polychromatic X-ray energy in wood densitometry complicates the mathematical relationship between the material and X-ray attenuation. Attenuation of polychromatic X-ray energy through cellulose acetate was investigated and characterized. Under polychromatic radiation with 30 keV maximum photon energy, an attenuation coefficient of 0.638 cm2/g was determined for samples of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) from two trees at 9% equilibrium moisture content. X-ray energy was sensitive to wood moisture content within a 2% range.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/63
2015-03-28T18:36:28Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/63
2015-03-28T18:36:28Z
S
Number 3 / July 2009; 300-312
Relationships Among Foliar Phenology, Radial Growth Rate, and Xylem Density in a Young Douglas-Fir Plantation
Devine, Warren D.
Harrington, Constance A.
2009-07-16
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/63
Array
We related intra-annual patterns in radial growth rate and xylem density to foliar phenology and second growth flushes in a young Douglas-fir plantation in western Washington. Three foliar maturity classes were defined: (1) shoots and needles elongating; (2) elongation complete, needles maturing; and (3) needles mature. Diameter growth rate had two peaks, one about the time of budbreak and one when foliage was in maturity Class 2. There was a limit to the maximum periodic density of xylem formed at a given rate of diameter growth; as growth rate increased, maximum periodic density decreased. Although xylem density profiles varied widely among individual trees, xylem density differed significantly among foliar maturity classes, increasing 16% from Class 1 to 2 and 60% from Class 2 to 3. Diameter growth rate of second-flushing trees was significantly greater in July compared with trees with no second flush, but we detected no relationships between second-flushing and xylem density patterns or false rings. Although the young trees in this study did not show distinct earlywood-latewood transitions, fully mature foliage (Class 3) was associated with formation of xylem exhibiting characteristics of latewood: greater density, reduced diameter growth rate, reduced tracheid radial diameter, and less interannual growth variation.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/64
2015-03-27T23:00:54Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/64
2015-03-27T23:00:54Z
S
Number 2 / April 1998; 119-127
Juvenile-Mature Wood Demarcation in Loblolly Pine Trees
Tasissa, Gudaye
Burkhart, Harold E.
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/64
Array
Specific gravity data from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees in a region-wide thinning study in southeastern United States were used to determine the age of demarcation between juvenile and mature wood. Segmented modeling, iterative solution, and constrained solution approaches were used to estimate the demarcation age. The results indicated that the age of demarcation between juvenile and mature wood occurs at approximately 11 years of physiological or cambial age (i.e., number of rings from the pith). Constraining the slope of the mature wood equation to a non-negative value lowered the demarcation age typically to less than 10 years. Within-tree variation in the age of demarcation was minor, suggesting that the use of the demarcation age estimate at breast height is adequate when quantifying the proportion of juvenile wood in a tree. Variations in the age of demarcation along the stem due to thinning effects and physiographic region did not show consistent trends. Trees in the Coastal Plain, however, tended to have lower ages of demarcation than trees from other areas.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/65
2015-03-02T23:55:01Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/65
2015-03-02T23:55:01Z
S
Number 4 / October 2003; 609-616
Genetic Variation in Tracheid Length and Relationships With Growth and Wood Traits in Eastern White Spruce (<i>Picea Glauca</i>)
Beaulieu, Jean
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/65
Array
Wood traits affect the quality of wood products, which is especially true for tracheid length regarding paper quality. While variation in tracheid length in white spruce is well known, estimates of genetic control over that trait as well as its relationships with growth traits and other wood characteristics have not yet been reported. Thus, the objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the extent of the differences in tracheid length among 30-year-old white spruce open-pollinated families; (2) to estimate the narrow sense heritability at both the individual and family levels for tracheid length; and (3) to estimate the phenotypic, genetic, and family mean correlations between height, diameter, volume, and wood specific gravity. We have shown that more than 90% of the variation in tracheid length is due to differences among trees within family plots. Heritabilities at both the family and the individual levels are low, so significant genetic gain could only be obtained from selection and vegetative propagation of the trees with the longest tracheids. Tracheid length in white spruce is negatively correlated to growth traits but appears to be independent of wood specific gravity. Effects of selection for growth traits on tracheid length are discussed.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/66
2015-03-03T00:00:41Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/66
2015-03-03T00:00:41Z
S
Number 1 / January 2001; 9-15
Influence of Provenance, Subspecies, and Site on Wood Density in <i>Eucalyptus Globulus</i> Labill.
Miranda, Isabel
Almeida, M. Helena
Pereira, Helena
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/66
Array
The wood density of Eucalyptus globulus was measured as basic density in 7-year-old trees from 37 provenances grown in three sites, on cores taken at breast height. The wood density was highly significantly influenced by provenance and very significantly by site. The across-site range of variation of wood density in the different provenances was between 486 kg/m3 and 430 kg/m3. The provenances of subspecies maidenii had a significantically higher density in relation to those from spp. globulus and bicostata (472 kg/m3 vs. 448 kg/m3 and 443 kg/m3). No correlation between growth and density was found.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/67
2015-03-28T18:31:41Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/67
2015-03-28T18:31:41Z
S
Number 4 / Winter 1974; 343-346
Interactions Between Lignin and Cellulose in Organic Liquid and Saline Density Gradient Columns
Harkin, John M.
Obst, John R.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/67
Array
Despite significant differences in their densities, lignin and carbohydrates associate so strongly, even in physical mixtures, that no separation takes place in liquid density gradient columns. Ball-milled cellulose, lignin, and wood exhibit much higher densities in salt gradients than in organic liquid gradients indicating penetration of the saline solutions into voids or "free volume" in the polymers that are inaccessible to organic liquids.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/68
2015-03-27T22:59:49Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/68
2015-03-27T22:59:49Z
S
Number 3 / July 1999; 319-327
The Welfare Effects of Trade Liberalization
Wisdom, Harold W.
2007-06-25
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/68
Array
Despite an unprecedented reduction in trade barriers since World War II, some countries continue to impose sizable tariffs on forest products imports. The Vancouver Agreement of the APEC countries calls for the elimination of all tariffs on paper products by the year 2002 and on wood products by the year 2004. However, several APEC countries are strongly resisting tariff removals. Protected industries emphasize the potential job loss of trade liberalization, but liberalization also benefits consumers by lowering the cost of the good and offering a wider choice of goods. This paper presents an empirical model for comparing the benefits and costs of trade liberalization. The model is applied to the elimination of the Philippine tariff on lumber imports. The results of the analysis suggest that the welfare gains from removing the tariff substantially exceed the job displacement costs.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/69
2015-03-02T23:52:57Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/69
2015-03-02T23:52:57Z
S
Number 4 / October 2005; 629-637
Flexural Properties, Internal Bond Strength, and Dimensional Stability of Medium Density Fiberboard Panels Made from Hybrid Poplar Clones
Li Shi, Jun
Zhang, S. Y.
Riedl, Bernard
Brunette, Gilles
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/69
Array
Flexural properties, internal bond strength, and dimensional stability of medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels made from three hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) clones with codes 915303, 915311, and 915313 were studied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were both performed in this study to test the differences in modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of MDF panels made from the three poplar hybrids. Results indicate that MOR of MDF panels made from clone 915311 was significantly higher than those of panels made from clones 915303 or 915313; however, there was no significant difference in MOR between panels made from clones 915303 or 915313. MOE of MDF panels made from clone 915311 was the highest value, which was significantly different from those of panels made from either clones 915303 or 915313; MOE of panels made from clone 915303 was the smallest and significantly lower than those of panels from clone 915313. MDF panels made from both clones 915303 and 915311 were superior to those panels made from clone 915313 in internal bond (IB) strength; but there was no significant difference in IB between panels made from clones 915303 or 915311. Dimensional stability of MDF panels was evaluated by linear expansion (LE), thickness swell (TS), and water absorption, and no significant differences were found among the three types of panels. This study shows a significant effect of hybrid poplar clonal variation on flexural properties and internal bond strength. This suggests that improvements in MDF panel flexural properties and internal bond strength may be made through tree breeding. Additionally, panel density was a factor influencing MDF panel MOR and MOE considerably; as significant linear relationships between MOR, MOE and panel density were determined.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/70
2015-03-02T23:49:54Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/70
2015-03-02T23:49:54Z
S
Number 3 / July 2008; 412-426
Impact of Mountain Pine Beetle-Attacked Lodgepole Pine Logs on Plywood Manufacturing
Wang, Brad Jianhe
Dai, Chunping
Wharton, Steve
2008-08-01
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/70
Array
In this work, the possibility of increasing value recovery from mountain pine beetle (MPB)-attacked lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) logs was further investigated, including veneer grading, gluing, panel lay-up, and hot-pressing. This was a follow-up to an earlier study that demonstrated that, by segregating MPB logs, the value recovery could be improved through narrower veneer clipping width, more accurate moisture sorting, and greater drying productivity. Based on pilot plant tests, compared with control veneer of spruce—lodgepole pine—alpine fir (SPF), MPB veneer had various degrees of bluestain, and was significantly denser and stiffer. To minimize manufacturing costs for MPB plywood, glue spread can be kept at the same level as currently used by control SPF plywood. However, the pressing time of 5-ply MPB plywood should be lengthened by about 10% compared with that used by the 5-ply control SPF counterpart. The assembly time should be maintained within 10 to 15 min, keeping veneer temperature as low as possible. Furthermore, the parallel-ply MOE and MOR of 5-ply MPB plywood were approximately 15 and 20% higher than those of 5-ply control SPF plywood, respectively. As a result, MPB veneer was more suitable for making specialty plywood products requiring high stiffness and strength. If manufacturing parameters are properly adjusted in grading, gluing, and hot-pressing, segregating MPB logs from the normal SPF mix also provides an opportunity to manufacture high stiffness plywood with superior dry- and wet-gluebond performance. This could further offset, to a large degree, the reduction in material recovery and the loss in market share for some appearance-based plywood products.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/71
2015-03-02T23:55:01Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/71
2015-03-02T23:55:01Z
S
Number 4 / October 2003; 499-523
Durability of Structural Lumber Products at High Temperatures. Part I. 66°C at 75%RH and 82°C at 30%RH
Green, David W.
Evans, James W.
Craig, Bruce A.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/71
Array
Background. The effect of temperature on properties can be separated into reversible and permanent effects. The National Design Specification (NDS) provides factors (Ct) for reducing properties for reversible effects but provides little guidance on permanent effects.Objectives. The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of prolonged heating (permanent effect) on the flexural properties of solid-sawn and composite lumber products exposed at 66°C and 75% relative humidity (RH) and at 82°C and 30% RH. A second objective is to determine how to estimate total effects.Procedures. Solid-sawn lumber, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and laminated strand lumber (LSL) were heated continuously for up to 6 years. After each exposure period, the lumber was conditioned to room temperature at the specified RH and then tested on edge in third-point bending. Some lumber was also tested hot at 66°C after 48 h of exposure and after 3 years of exposure.Results. After 3 years of continuous exposure at 66°C and 75% RH, solid-sawn Spruce-Pine-Fir (SPF) and Douglas-fir retained about 72% of their original modulus of rupture (MOR) and southern pine about 47%. For the first 2 to 3 years of exposure, changes in MOR of LVL were similar to that of solid-sawn SPF and Douglas-fir. After almost 6 years of exposure, SPF retained about 67% MOR and LVL 26% to 49%. The MOR of LSL was more sensitive to duration of exposure than was the MOR of either solid-sawn lumber or LVL, with a residual MOR of 47% after 28 months. After 21 months at 82°C and 30% RH, solid-sawn lumber retained 50% to 55% MOR, LVL 41%, and LSL 45%. For all products, modulus of elasticity was less sensitive to thermal degradation than was MOR.Conclusions. The effect of temperature on MOR of solid-sawn lumber is independent of grade. Composite lumber is more sensitive than solid-sawn to change in strength due to thermal degradation. The difference in MOR between species and product types may be less at low humidity levels than at high. The total effect of temperature on MOR can be estimated by adding the reversible plus the permanent effects. Available literature suggests that the wood used in attics of residential construction is not likely to experience significant accumulation of exposure at temperatures ≥66°C over the life of the structure.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/72
2020-02-13T15:24:56Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/72
2020-02-13T15:24:56Z
S
Number 2 / April 2014; 247-258
Effect of Temperature on Calcium Carbonate Deposition in Situ on Bamboo Fiber and Polymer Interfaces
Cheng, Haitao
Gao, Jie
Wang, Ge
Shi, Sheldon Q.
Zhang, Shuangbao
Cai, Liping
2014-04-04
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/72
Array
The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of different reaction temperatures on the mechanical and surface (interface) properties of calcium-carbonate (CaCO3)-filled bamboo fibers and polypropylene (PP) composites. With an ionic reaction of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride aqueous solution at various bath temperatures, CaCO3 particles were successfully deposited in situ on bamboo fibers. Polymer composites were fabricated using treated bamboo fibers as the reinforcement and PP as the matrix. Tensile tests of single fibers and PP composites were performed to determine the mechanical properties at different conditions. Results showed that the treatments improved compatibility between bamboo fibers and PP matrix, and the crystallinity of inorganic materials was affected by the treatment temperature. Compared with the composites reinforced with untreated bamboo fibers, the tensile strength and modulus of composites reinforced with treated fibers increased by 14.58 and 19.66%, respectively.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/73
2015-03-28T18:21:07Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/73
2015-03-28T18:21:07Z
S
Number 2 / April 1983; 94-101
The Influence of Small Grain Angle Variation on Toughness
Fagan, G. Brent
McLain, Thomas E.
2007-06-27
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/73
Array
Toughness of solid wood as determined by ASTM D143-52 is known to be sensitive to slope-of-grain in the specimen. Although samples with observed sloping grain are routinely rejected, localized grain deviations in the center of nominally straight-grained specimens may escape detection. The acceptance of this sample is often aided by the difficulty in identifying the grain orientation at a point and by the usual large number of toughness tests that are conducted in any one experiment. In this study 226 standard toughness specimens of redwood were carefully machined to be straight-grained. However, close scrutiny of the center of the specimens (often after they had been failed) showed that only 10 of the 226 samples had truly straight grain and that localized grain deviations ranged from zero to 15°. Regression analysis showed that the slope-of-grain on the specimen face parallel to the impact direction explained a significant amount of variation in toughness. If this slope was accounted for, the coefficients of variation of toughness were reduced from 33 and 30% to 22 and 18% for impact in the radial and tangential direction, respectively. The results of the study showed that toughness was very sensitive to small localized grain deviations and that truly straight-grained toughness samples are rare. A significant amount of the usual high variation in toughness data could be attributed to these small grain deviations.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/74
2015-03-27T23:06:23Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/74
2015-03-27T23:06:23Z
S
Number 1 / January 1993; 2-7
Effects of Lean in Red Alder Trees on Wood Shrinkage and Density
Lowell, Eini C.
Krahmer, Robert L.
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/74
Array
Certain wood qualities may be affected by lean in red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) trees. Such characteristics as shrinkage and density can potentially cause problems in the manufacture of products from red alder. Thirty-six trees with varying degrees of lean (0 to 20 degrees) and different diameters (12 to 24 inches) were selected. Cross-sectional disks were cut from the top of the first 10-foot log and used for measuring shrinkage (longitudinal, radial, and tangential) and density. Wood density was measured using an X-ray densitometer. Each sample was categorized as coming from the tension or compression side of the stem. Subsampling within sides permitted examination of the effect on shrinkage of position in relation to the pith. Longitudinal, radial, and tangential shrinkages were affected by all or some of the following factors: lean, side, and position. There was no significant effect of lean or side on wood density.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/75
2014-12-06T15:19:13Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/75
2014-12-06T15:19:13Z
S
Number 3 / July 2007; 424-433
Thermomechanical Pulp Fiber Surface Modification for Enhancing the Interfacial Adhesion with Polypropylene
Lee, Sangyeob
Shupe, Todd F.
Groom, Leslie H.
Hse, Chung Y.
2007-09-27
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/75
Array
Chemical coupling on the thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fiber improved tensile strength of the TMP fiber handsheet and isotactic polypropylene film laminates (TPL). For the maleic anhydride (MA) with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator, tensile strength increased 52% with the TMP fiber treatment over untreated laminates. The optimum strength properties were obtained with an MA and BPO ratio of 2:1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images also showed the effectiveness of MA loading on the surface of TMP fibers due to increased fiber failure without fiber pullout from the polypropylene matrixes. Crystallinity and heat flow from DSC, as expected, decreased with the addition of MA on the TMP fiber surface. These results were also in accordance with the morphological observations at the fracture surface, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, and thermal analysis. Based on the high correlation between tensile strength and the number of fibers counted at the point of failures, the number of fibers proved to be a sensitive measure of the effectiveness of surface treatment.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/76
2015-03-28T18:36:17Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/76
2015-03-28T18:36:17Z
S
Number 4 / October 2009; 386-395
Determining Hybridization in Jack Pine and Lodgepole Pine from British Columbia
Wood, Lisa J.
Hartley, Ian D.
Watson, Paul
2009-10-16
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/76
Array
This study was conducted to find wood quality evidence of hybridization between jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) in northeast British Columbia (BC). To determine if wood and fiber traits could be used as distinguishing features among jack pine, lodgepole pine, and their hybrids, differences in morphology and wood and fiber traits were related to the genetic identity of each sample. Thirty samples each of pure lodgepole pine, pure jack pine, and potential hybrids were collected from the Prince George area of BC, the Smoky Lake area of Alberta, and the Fort Nelson region of BC, respectively. Two 10-mm cores (bark to bark) were taken from each tree and analyzed for fiber length and coarseness, microfibril angle (MFA), basic density, earlywood:latewood ratios, and cell dimensions. Needle and cone morphology was used to distinguish among species groups in the field. Based on genetically identified samples, the fiber traits that best differentiated among pure jack pine, lodgepole pine, and hybrids were MFA and cell area.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/77
2015-03-02T23:53:30Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/77
2015-03-02T23:53:30Z
S
Number 2 / April 2005; 201-206
Relationship Between Radial Compressive Modulus of Elasticity and Shear Modulus of Wood
Liu, Jen Y.
Ross, Robert J.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/77
Array
Wood properties in transverse compression are difficult to determine because of such factors as anatomical complexity, specimen geometry, and loading conditions. The mechanical properties of wood, considered as an anisotropic or orthotropic material, are related by certain tensor transformation rules when the reference coordinate system changes its orientation. In this paper, we used our verified shear modulus model to estimate compressive modulus of elasticity in the radial direction by means of certain established tensor transformation rules. The obtained basic engineering constants form a viable set that agrees with reliable test data and the anisotropic elasticity theory.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/78
2015-02-21T15:44:51Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/78
2015-02-21T15:44:51Z
S
Number 4 / October 2008; 657-662
Mechanical Properties of Lumber from Partially CAD-Deficient Loblolly Pine (<i>Pinus Taeda</i>)
Saralde, Teofisto C.
Peralta, Perry N.
Peszlen, Ilona
Kasal, Bohumil
2008-11-03
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/78
Array
Fast-growing loblolly pine produced by the North Carolina State University-Industry Co-operative Tree Improvement Program is a natural carrier of a rare gene, cad-n1, an allele code for deficiency in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), an enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of lignin precursors. Wood from totally CAD-deficient loblolly pine trees is known to have low mechanical properties, but not much is known about the mechanical performance of wood from partially CAD-deficient trees. The effect associated with this genetic modification of loblolly pine was evaluated by comparing the mechanical properties in bending, compression parallel and perpendicular to the grain, tension perpendicular to the grain, and shear parallel to the grain of small clear specimens of wood from partially CAD-deficient with those from wild-type loblolly pine trees. Results indicate that there is no significant difference between the two genotypes for all mechanical properties measured.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/79
2015-03-02T23:54:15Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/79
2015-03-02T23:54:15Z
S
Number 3 / July 2004; 289-290
Setting the Research Agenda for Wood if Not Now, When?
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/79
Array
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/80
2015-03-28T18:21:46Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/80
2015-03-28T18:21:46Z
S
Number 3 / July 1982; 166-177
Heat Release in Thermally Disintegrating Wood
Kubler, Hans
2007-06-27
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/80
Array
Wood contains more energy than do its products of slow pyrolysis. Consequently, slow pyrolysis must be an exothermic process, and cannot consume heat as generally believed. Heat release in experiments with thermally slowly decomposing wood has indeed been reported in the literature. The exothermic nature of pyrolysis explains why wood self-heats when its temperature has been somehow raised above 80 C and when the released heat does not dissipate. This way the temperature may reach the level of oxidation and combustion. Such pyrolytic self-heating occurs in piles of sawdust, wood chips, and bark, in hot-stacked boards and paper rolls, in dryers for veneer and other wood, and in structural lumber near heat sources. In contrast to other kinds of self-heating, pyrolytic self-heating cannot be prevented by exclusion of oxygen: instead the process has to be decelerated by cooling the material.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/81
2016-09-26T19:24:25Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/81
2016-09-26T19:24:25Z
S
Number 3 / July 2010; 398-405
The Ability of Wood to Buffer Highly Acidic and Alkaline Adhesives
Wang, Xiaodong
Huang, Zeen
Cooper, Paul
Wang, Xiang-Ming
Zhang, Yaolin
Casilla, Romulo
2010-07-22
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/81
Array
The ability of wood to buffer and mitigate the effects of strongly acidic or alkaline environments produced near the glue line by extreme pH structural adhesives was evaluated. The pH values of wood, cured adhesives, and mixtures of the two in water slurries were determined for different wood types. The pHs of slurries of seven highly alkaline phenol-formaldehyde adhesives were lowered when the adhesive was cured in the presence of wood dust with effects increasing with the proportion of wood in the mixture. The "acidities" or amounts of alkali needed to adjust the slurries to pH 12.5 were relatively high for all species because of weak acid groups in wood that dissociate at pH greater than 8. This explains the ability of wood to buffer highly alkaline adhesives. The pHs of slurries of two acidic melamine-urea-formaldehyde adhesives increased in the presence of wood, but the effect was less significant compared with the alkaline adhesives. Similarly, the "alkalinities" or amounts of acid required to adjust the slurries to pH 3 were relatively low. Aspen veneer samples had a greater effect on adhesive pH than spruce and Douglas-fir. These effects will help mitigate potentially adverse effects of strongly alkaline or acidic adhesives on wood adhesive bond strength.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/82
2015-03-03T17:17:09Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/82
2015-03-03T17:17:09Z
S
Number 4 / October 2000; 489-501
Bending Creep and Load Duration of Douglas-fir 2 by 4s Under Constant Load for up to 12-Plus Years
Gerhards, Charles C.
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/82
Array
This paper finalizes research on graded Douglas-fir 2 by 4 beams subjected to constant bending loads of various levels and durations. Compared to results for testing in a controlled environment, results confirm that load duration did not appear to be shortened by tests in an uncontrolled environment, at least extending out to 12-plus years. By the same comparison, relative creep was considerably increased, however.The extended data also confirm that no evidence was found for a threshold below which stress levels for lumber can be maintained indefinitely.Based on the finalized prediction equations of this study and those of two previous studies, a factor of 2.0 for a 10-year load duration is more appropriate for Douglas-fir bending allowable properties than the 1.62 factor currently recommended. Also, bending deflections due to creep doubled sooner than commonly accepted. This research is important to structural engineers and code groups responsible for the safe design of wood structures when establishing new design criteria for load duration and deflection limits.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/83
2015-03-27T23:12:02Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/83
2015-03-27T23:12:02Z
S
Number 1 / January 1988; 44-55
A Method for Predicting Non-Shear Compliances in the RT Plane of Wood
Sliker, Alan
2007-06-22
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/83
Array
Equations were obtained relating the non-shear compliances in the radial-tangential, RT, plane to each other for a variety of hardwood and softwood species that were at 10 to 12% moisture content. From loadings made on short columns in the tangential, T, direction SRT = -0.255STT + 0.659 x 10-6; for loadings made on columns in the radial, R, direction STR = -0.887SRR - 1.260 x 10-6. In the compliance term Sij, "i" signifies the direction of the observed strain and "j" the direction of the applied stress; i.e., SRT relates strain in the R direction to stress in the T direction. Since SRT = STR for orthotropic materials, it follows that SRR = 0.291STT - 2.188 x 10-6. SRR and STT are entered as negative quantities in the above equations to indicate compression. Units for strain are inches per inch and for stress are pounds per square inch. These equations should be useful for finite element studies in mechanics and for studies on strains developed during wood drying.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/84
2015-03-27T23:10:45Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/84
2015-03-27T23:10:45Z
S
Number 3 / July 1989; 239-251
Bolted Timber Connections. Part I. a Wafer Technique to Model Wood Deformation Around Bolts
Humphrey, Philip E.
Ostman, Larry J.
2007-06-22
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/84
Array
An experimental technique to model wood material behavior in the plane perpendicular to the axes of bolts in joint members is described. In this technique, 0.8-mm-thick wood wafers sandwiched between glass plates, with a steel pin representing a bolt passing through them, are loaded in tension. Wood deformation and failure around the pin, visible through the glass plates as loading proceeds, are photographed, and load-slip curves are also recorded. Reported tests were limited to steel pins of 12.5-mm diameter; preliminary findings suggest that information can be gained that sheds light on the effects of growth-ring orientation, wood defects, bolt end-distance, and multiple-bolt positions. The technique may be used directly, to indicate the sensitivity of joints to design factors such as those above, or indirectly, when results are combined with bolt bending data obtained with X-ray scanning.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/85
2015-03-27T23:07:40Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/85
2015-03-27T23:07:40Z
S
Number 4 / October 1991; 597-606
Forest Products Research at U.S. Universities in 1988-1989
Smulski, Stephen
Bowyer, Jim
Thomas, Richard
Moslemi, Ali
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/85
Array
Professional staffing, research emphasis, and funding levels for forest products research conducted in 37 programs at 35 universities in the United States in academic year 1988-1989 are presented. General trends in academic forest products research for the period 1982 to 1989 are also described.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/86
2015-03-02T23:50:31Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/86
2015-03-02T23:50:31Z
S
Number 1 / January 2008; 14-22
Predicting Internal Yellow-Poplar Log Defect Features Using Surface Indicators
Thomas, R. Edward
2008-01-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/86
Array
Determining the defects that are located within the log is crucial to understanding the tree/log resource for efficient processing. However, existing means of doing this non-destructively requires the use of expensive X-ray/CT, MRI, or microwave technology. These methods do not lend themselves to fast, efficient, and cost-effective analysis of logs and tree stems in the mill. This study quantified the relationship between external defect indicators and internal defect characteristics for yellow-poplar logs. A series of models were developed to predict internal features using visible external features, log diameter, indicator width, length, and rise. Good correlations and small prediction errors were observed with sound (sawn), overgrown, and unsound knot defects. For less severe defects such as adventitious buds/clusters and distortion type defects weaker correlations were observed, but the magnitude of prediction errors was small and acceptable.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/87
2015-03-27T23:05:34Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/87
2015-03-27T23:05:34Z
S
Number 1 / January 1994; 51-61
Environmentally Induced Physical Changes in Ancient Kauri (<i>Agathis Australis</i>) Wood
Freedland, Cassia
Rowell, Roger M.
Plackett, David
2007-06-22
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/87
Array
The physical properties of 30,000-year-old and modern kauri (Agathis australis) were explored. The acidic burial environment had modified the ancient wood cell-wall structure, affecting strength properties. Degradation of labile cell-wall polysaccharides resulted in strength differences in the ancient kauri both below and above the proportional limit (PL) of the wood. Significantly lower modulus of elasticity (MOE) and work to proportional limit (WPL) values, as compared with modern kauri, indicated that the ancient material was more readily deformed. Above the PL, the modulus of rupture (MOR) of the ancient wood was significantly lower and the work to maximum load (WML) significantly higher than the corresponding values for recently felled kauri, suggesting that the ancient material did not resist stress; rather, the structure gradually "gave way" under imposed stress. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the fractured ancient kauri surfaces reveal degradation of the woody cell wall.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/88
2015-03-02T23:53:11Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/88
2015-03-02T23:53:11Z
S
Number 3 / July 2005; 514-520
Modeling The Nonlinear Moment-Rotation Relationship Of A Nail Plate Connector<sup>1</sup>
Kochkin, Vladimir G.
Loferski, Joseph R.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/88
Array
This paper presents a mechanics-based procedure for modeling the nonlinear moment resistance of multiple-dowel wood connections. The lack of a consistent methodology for predicting rotational resistance of multiple-dowel joints was identified as one of the barriers to adoption of a ready-to-assemble (RTA) wood framing system. Integral to the RTA system is a nail plate connector (NPC) that consists of a metal plate with multiple dowel and is used to assemble RTA framing members into complete structural systems. The principle of energy conservation is used to derive the model. The proposed procedure is formulated such that the nonlinear response of the nails and plate bearing are explicitly included in the model to accurately predict the moment-rotation relationship over a wide range of deformations. Therefore, the model provides the information on both the ultimate strength and deformation capacity needed to establish safety margins and to perform serviceability checks, respectively. The method requires input of the lateral load-displacement relationships for an individual nail and plate bearing on the end grain of wood framing member. These relationships can be readily measured using lateral test procedures or determined analytically. The formulation showed excellent correlation with test results (R2 = 0.98). The proposed model presents an engineering and research tool and has the potential to promote the use of timber frames assembled with multiple dowel joints.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/89
2015-03-28T18:24:50Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/89
2015-03-28T18:24:50Z
S
Number 1 / Spring 1979; 38-49
Tensile Properties of Spruce Under Different Conditions
Koran, Zoltan
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/89
Array
The mechanical properties of spruce were studied at various temperatures ranging from-190 C to + 250 C. Diagrams are presented to show how maximum tensile stress, strain. modulus of elasticity. and work-to-maximum load changes as a function of temperature. The fracture energy reaches a maximum value around-40 C and is reduced to a low level at 150 C and over. Tensile stress increases in a linear manner with a decrease in temperature reaching a theoretical maximum at zero Kelvin degree.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/90
2015-03-27T23:10:20Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/90
2015-03-27T23:10:20Z
S
Number 1 / January 1990; 80-91
Product Awareness and Physical Risk Perceptions of Consumers of Treated Lumber
Sinclair, Steven A.
Smith, Paul M.
2007-06-22
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/90
Array
This research examines risk, an important determinant of consumer decision-making, as a function of product awareness and physical risk perceptions. Specifically, this study addresses the risk from treated lumber products that professional and do-it-yourself retail customers perceive. In September 1985 a settlement agreement between the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the wood-preserving industry regarding the use and sale of wood-treating chemicals was signed. One aspect of this agreement involved the education of consumers as to the proper use, handling and disposal of the preservative-treated lumber products. Consumer Information Sheets, the backbone of the Consumer Awareness Program, were employed to disseminate these basic safety precautions. This study measures the effectiveness of the Consumer Awareness Program by evaluating consumer awareness of the Consumer Information Sheets and evaluates the knowledge, awareness, and physical risk perceptions that retail customers have regarding treated lumber products.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/91
2020-02-12T16:58:23Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/91
2020-02-12T16:58:23Z
S
Vol. 46 No. 4 (2014); 437-450
Formation of Nanocarbon Spheres by Thermal Treatment of Woody Char from Fast Pyrolysis Process
Yan, Qiangu
Toghiani, Hossein
Cai, Zhiyong
Zhang, Jilei
2014-10-06
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/91
Array
Influences of thermal treatment conditions of temperature, reaction cycle and time, and purge gas type on nanocarbon formation over bio-chars from fast pyrolysis and effects of thermal reaction cycle and purge gas type on bio-char surface functional groups were investigated by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and temperature-programmed reduction methods. Nanospheres occurred on bio-chars under the activation temperature of 700°C; more nanospheres occurred when temperature increased to 900°C. Further increase of temperature to 1100°C yielded bio-char surfaces covered with a layer of nanospheres between 20 and 50 nm. More carbon nanospheres formed by increasing thermal cycles and reaction time. Scanning electron microscope images of char surfaces showed there were fewer or no nanoparticles produced using H2 as the purge gas and they were porous. TPD results indicated that H2, H2O, CH4, CO, and CO2 in gas phases evolved from chars heated to 1000°C during the first heating cycle. H2 and CH4 peaked at 750 and 615°C, respectively. Both H2O and CO had two peaks, and CO2 had a broad peak. Only trace amounts of H2 and CO were detected in the second cycle. There was no detection for CH4, H2O, and CO2 after the second cycle.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/92
2016-09-26T19:23:37Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/92
2016-09-26T19:23:37Z
S
Number 1 / January 2011; 32-40
Impact of a Regeneration Method and Vertical Position on Juvenile Wood Properties of Jack Pine in Northwestern Ontario
Leitch, Mathew
Shahi, Chander
Jackson, Karen
2011-01-21
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/92
Array
The effects of regeneration methods and vertical positions on three juvenile wood properties of 25-yr-old jack pine grown in the Boreal forests of northwestern Ontario were studied. Modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture in static bending and specific gravity were determined from clear wood specimens of three vertical positions of trees selected from four stands that were aerial-seeded, Bräcke-seeded, planted, and postfire naturally regenerated. Juvenile wood properties among the four regeneration methods were not significantly different, however, they were found to vary significantly among the vertical positions for three of the methods: aerial-seeded, Bräck-seeded, and postfire natural stands. The wood properties of juvenile jack pine were quite variable, irrespective of the regeneration method, but there is a substantial potential in separating jack pine logs along the stem for various uses based on the regeneration method.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/93
2015-03-27T23:02:15Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/93
2015-03-27T23:02:15Z
S
Number 3 / July 1997; 299-305
Hygroscopicity of Decayed Wood: Implications for Weight Loss Determinations
Anagnost, Susan E.
Smith, William B.
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/93
Array
Hygroscopicity changes were observed in red maple blocks subjected to brown rot, white rot, and soft rot. Brown rot reduced hygroscopicity, soft rot increased hygroscopicity, and white rot showed no change in hygroscopicity. The effect of these changes on weight loss tests when using moisture-conditioned block weights is a slight overestimation of weight loss for brown rot, a slight underestimation for soft rot, and no apparent change for white rot. When comparing changes in hygroscopicity prior to oven-drying with those observed after oven-drying, there were no differences for white rot and soft rot, while for brown rot, the reduction in hygroscopicity was enhanced by oven-drying.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/94
2015-03-28T18:29:35Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/94
2015-03-28T18:29:35Z
S
Number 2 / Summer 1976; 107-113
Knife- Versus Abrasive-Planed Wood: Quality of Adhesive Bonds
Jokerst, Ronald W.
Stewart, Harold A.
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/94
Array
Glueline strength and durability were determined for abrasive- versus knife-planed wood surfaces. Laminated beam sections were made, 16 each of southern pine and Douglas-fir, using 4 surfacing treatments prior to laminating. The four treatments were knife planing, and abrasive planing with 36, 60, and 80 grit. Comparisons were made of resistance to glueline separation after accelerated aging, of bond shear strength, and of percentage wood failure within a species group.Under microscopic examination, abrasive planing showed crushing and tearing of the wood surface, whereas knife planing showed a clean-cut surface. Gluelines with abrasive-planed surfaces were similar to the knife-planed in shear strength, were higher in percentage of wood failure, and lower in resistance to glueline separation upon accelerated aging.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/95
2015-03-27T23:02:15Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/95
2015-03-27T23:02:15Z
S
Number 3 / July 1997; 272-281
Linear Expansion of Wood Composites: A Model
Xu, Wei
Suchsland, Otto
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/95
Array
An analytical model was developed to better understand and predict linear expansion of wood composite panels. The model analysis was based on the assumption of elasticity and of uniform directional distribution of linear expansion. Monte Carlo simulation of the model required inputs of modulus of elasticity of solid wood, linear expansion values of solid wood, particle size distribution, and orientation distribution of particles.The simulation showed, as expected, that lower density wood species resulted in lower linear expansion of the composite panel. In single-layer oriented strandboard, linear expansion in the orientation direction decreased gradually as percent alignment increased, but increased rapidly across the orientation direction especially when percent alignment exceeded 40-60%.Finally, simulation results were compared with the results of experimental linear expansion studies drawn from the literature. The agreement was encouraging.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/96
2015-03-27T23:03:16Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/96
2015-03-27T23:03:16Z
S
Number 3 / July 1996; 295-300
The Effects of Silvicultural Treatments on The Chemical Composition of Plantation-Grown Loblolly Pine Wood
Shupe, Todd F.
Choong, Elvin T.
Yang, Chun H.
2007-06-19
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/96
Array
The influence of silvicultural treatments (fertilization, stand density, and pruning) on the chemical composition (hot-water extractives, alcohol-benzene extractives, ether extractives, Klason lignin, holocellulose, and alpha-cellulose) of outerwood and innerwood of plantation-grown 12-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was investigated. Plots located near Bogalusa, in southeastern Louisiana, were maintained at four levels of stand density (2,470; 1,976; 1,482; and 988 trees per hectare) and exhibited varied effects on wood chemical properties. The highest mean extractive contents occurred in the plots with 2,470 residual trees per hectare. Stand densities did not appear to be consistently related to Klason lignin, holocellulose, and alpha-cellulose contents. Fertilization caused a significant reduction in alcohol-benzene extractive content, ether extractive content, and Klason lignin. There was no significant effect in any chemical property attributable to the pruning treatment, except in alcohol-benzene extractives, which decreased significantly in the pruned trees. Innerwood yielded significantly greater extractive contents for the alcohol-benzene and hot-water methods of extractive content determination, and outerwood yielded significantly higher values for Klason lignin, holocellulose, and alpha-cellulose.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/97
2015-03-28T18:25:02Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/97
2015-03-28T18:25:02Z
S
Number 4 / Winter 1979; 264-274
Industry Appraisal of Forest Products Curriculum at Oregon State University
Atherton, George H.
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/97
Array
The Forest Products Department at Oregon State University trains professionals who work mainly in the forest products industry. Therefore a survey was conducted to assess the relevance of our curriculum to the needs of our graduates. A total of 1,183 questionnaires were mailed to persons in industry, of which 730 were completed and returned Respondents were asked to rank the importance of them of 59 subjects, courses, or disciplines within the university. Other questions related to respondents' type of manufacturing operation, management level in the firm, held of training, length of time with firm, age, level of education, and most helpful sources of education. Analyses were made for Oregon State University graduates in Forest Products as a group, and for groups sorted by management level, type of operation within the industry, and age level of respondents.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/98
2015-03-28T18:25:02Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/98
2015-03-28T18:25:02Z
S
Number 4 / Winter 1979; 243-258
Education in Wood Science and Technology: A Status Report
Barnes, H. M.
2007-06-28
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/98
Array
This report summarizes the current status of wood science and technology programs in North American universities as determined by questionnaires sent to the various institutions. The 25 undergraduate programs in North America were characterized in terms of their growth and academic offerings. Enrollment in undergraduate programs has increased in size during the decade of the '70's while enrollment in graduate programs has leveled off. A typical program has 42 undergraduate and 9 graduate students enrolled. Since 1964 the number of B.S. programs has increased 32%, while the number of M. S. programs has increased by 19%. During the same time period, the number of Ph.D. programs has grown by 69%. The typical program today is very close in academic offerings 10 the ideal program proposed by Ellis. Employment of B.S. graduates is characterized in terms of employing industry, job type, and region. The demand for B.S. graduates is currently 2:1 with future demand expected to be 3:1. Average starting salary data by regions are presented. Respondents favored accreditation of academic programs but believed licensing of wood technologists inappropriate.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/99
2015-03-02T23:55:27Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/99
2015-03-02T23:55:27Z
S
Number 2 / April 2003; 201-208
Radial Split Resistance of Chestnut Earlywood and Its Relation to Ring Width
Fonti, Patrick
Sell, Juergen
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/99
Array
New equipment was developed to measure the maximal radial split resistance of individual annual rings in green European chestnut wood (Castanea sativa Mill.). This equipment was then used to compare the split resistance in chestnut trees with and without ring shake taken from three differently managed coppices from the southern part of the Swiss Alps. Results indicate that within these stands radial split resistance and annual ring width are positively correlated, and that the rates of ring-shake occurrence increase with narrow and weak growth rings. Forest management of chestnut coppices that leads to an increase in growth thickness might, therefore, be a way of reducing the risk of ring shake.
oai:ojs.wfs.swst.org:article/100
2015-03-02T23:54:02Z
wfs:RES
v2
http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/100
2015-03-02T23:54:02Z
S
Number 4 / October 2004; 585-597
Heat and Mass Transfer in Wood Composite Panels During Hot-Pressing: Part I. A Physical-Mathematical Model
Dai, Chunping
Yu, Changming
2007-06-05
The copyright of an article published in Wood and Fiber Science is transferred to the Society of Wood Science and Technology (for U. S. Government employees: to the extent transferable), effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. This transfer grants the Society of Wood Science and Technology permission to republish all or any part of the article in any form, e.g., reprints for sale, microfiche, proceedings, etc. However, the authors reserve the following as set forth in the Copyright Law:1. All proprietary rights other than copyright, such as patent rights.2. The right to grant or refuse permission to third parties to republish all or part of the article or translations thereof. In the case of whole articles, such third parties must obtain Society of Wood Science and Technology written permission as well. However, the Society may grant rights with respect to Journal issues as a whole.3. The right to use all or part of this article in future works of their own, such as lectures, press releases, reviews, text books, or reprint books.
url:http://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/100
Array
A theoretical model for heat and moisture transfer in wood composite mats during hot-pressing is developed based on the basic principles of mass conservation, momentum of gas flow, energy conservation, and resin curing kinetics. The model provides a mathematical description of the coupled physical phenomenon in hot-pressing process as a closure problem in which fifteen governing equations are rigorously derived to solve fifteen unknown variables of mat environmental conditions. These variables, including mat temperature, gas pressure, and moisture content are linked to basic material properties such as mat density, thermal conductivity, and permeability. Initial and boundary conditions for solving the governing equations are also discussed.
1a1031d28f03d4867be6d62791a96678